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Lesson
Taking into account issues related to sustainability, it is apparent that the project outcomes can be sustained if the government allocates adequate funds and resources for operation and maintenance based on a rigorous and transparent planning regime.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date:
Lesson
Emergency projects such as this one tend to be difficult to administer and implement and difficult for ADB to properly guide and oversee. This is because speed is of the essence to restore normal activity, and subprojects tend to be spread over large geographical areas. As such, ADB has to depend not only on review mission diligence but also on consultants and the government agencies involved. ADB’s procedures, while fully adequate for non-emergency projects, tend to slow the implementation of emergency projects such as this one, so due diligence is sometimes truncated.

Project Number: 37680-013
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation Project [Loan 2045-KGZ]
Report Date:
Lesson
To effectively monitor and evaluate the project, the MIS need to be installed and operating early in the project schedule.

Project Number: 31647-013
Project Name: Smallholder Support Services Pilot Project [Loan 1652-PNG]
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects that pilot test new approaches need to be designed in a way that they are simple, well focused, and flexible enough to accommodate appropriate changes. In pilot projects, it is essential to have a capacity building component, especially in contexts where weak implementation capacity exists.

Project Number: 31647-013
Project Name: Smallholder Support Services Pilot Project [Loan 1652-PNG]
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 23319
Project Name: Forestry Sector Project [Loan 1403(SF)-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Importance of a database system and information-sharing mechanism. Clarification on the institutional role of each agency regarding IEM and land degradation control provides a clear basis for defining the type and level of data to be collected by each participating agency in the joint and collaborative management of environmental and natural resources. For information sharing to be effective and useful, the institutional value of data should be recognized and access to data should be made available for all government agencies in a timely and practical manner.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Importance of awareness building. Strong awareness among stakeholders, especially the public, on the state of the environment and natural resources is important for gaining support for government plans and strategies for land degradation control and for overall environmental and natural resource management in general. Disclosure of government plans for management, and conservation and protection provides a solid foundation for cooperation in planning and implementing IEM plans and strategies.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning. Improved institutional coordination and harmonization of land degradation policies, legislation, programs, and budgets is needed. Interagency cooperation and collaboration in policy and planning of IEM strategies and plans ensure that complex problems related to land degradation control are addressed following a participatory approach and that government agencies, private sector agencies, and local communities have a clear understanding of their delineated tasks and responsibilities.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Institutional capacity building for establishing an enabling environment. For IEM to be effective and successful, cooperating and collaborating institutions and sectors must be supported by IEM knowledge and skills for policy making, planning, legislation, and joint management of the environment and natural resources. Joint and effective management of environmental and natural resources requires improving the capacities of cooperating and collaborating with government institutions for combining top-down and bottom-up approaches.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrated approach to achieving long-term success. International experience demonstrates that an integrated approach is appropriate to achieving long-term success in combating land degradation that is mostly caused by interacting socioeconomic factors (e.g., overexploitation of natural resources, poverty, and population pressure). Participatory and science-based IEM approaches are essential for successfully combating ecosystem degradation, including in dryland areas.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Acceptance and application of integrated ecosystem management (IEM). The IEM approach is highly relevant to combating land degradation in the People's Republic of China (PRC) and is a significant departure from traditional practices and therefore, requires time to become fully accepted. Good progress to date suggests that the full 10-year period, as originally designed, will be required.

Project Number: 36445-022
Project Name: Capacity Building to Combat Land Degradation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed payments to contractors adversely affect implementation. ADB and the government should work together to ensure timely disbursements.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed design engineers and supervision and implementation consultants should be recruited in advance of project approval, to increase project readiness. The project implementation schedule should be realistic.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measures ensuring government commitment to implement institutional development and provide counterpart funds should be carefully reviewed and tied to the release of funds.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project targets should be achievable. Cost estimates should be based on thorough and professional assessments as part of a feasibility study, instead of aspirational or subjective considerations alone.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date: