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Lesson
The project supported reforms only in the 24 participating tehsil municipal administrations (TMAs). The provincial government was expected to undertake reforms and address capacity gaps in all the other TMAs (52 in all). This arrangement seriously isolated the reform process. Sector loan projects should assess the political will, capacity, and incentives related to policy actions at all levels before building the support and incentives mechanism for reforms.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need for closer ADB involvement in critical early stages and greater rigor in government reporting.

Project Number: 37046-013
Project Name: Agriculture Sector Program [Loan 2083-AFG]
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 32024-013
Project Name: Sindh Rural Development Project [Loan 1934-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Training for all PPA ranks and public awareness-raising were positive factors in improving conservation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A formal monitoring system should have been established by the DWC at the start of the project.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It was unreasonable to expect government officers to engage in commercial links and marketing initiatives with private enterprise in such a short time.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delegation of powers to the field enhanced pilot protected area (PPA) management but it also increased the importance of self-motivated PPA leadership.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The outreach program was made more sustainable by being implemented by the executing agency's own staff than it would have been by recruiting outside NGOs, who would have left when the project closed.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular review and updating of the project framework would have aided monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing large numbers of technical assistance (TA) consultants into the DWC that was understaffed resulted in inefficient use of consultancy expertise.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Heading the project management unit (PMU) with someone from outside the DWC was detrimental to engaging the department staff.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Loan covenant time frames underestimated the time required for the government procedures to amend the Fauna and Flora Protection Ordinance (FFPO) and for institutional reform.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Launching a complex project through the Department of Wildlife Conservation (DWC), a small organization faced with structural reform, was overambitious. A two-phased approach (phase 1: capacity- building and restructuring; phase 2: implementation) would have been more appropriate.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reference to international nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and public-private partnerships in the report and recommendation of the president (RRP) provoked local wildlife activists and politicians, resulting in project delays. This could have been avoided by wider pre-project public relations efforts.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Higher proportion of the budget should be attributed to nonstructural aspects, and these should be more closely monitored. It may be noted that the review missions, as typified by the midterm and the final reviews, have regarded these nonstructural measures as having been achieved, without looking beyond the simple passing of regulations.

Project Number: 35081-013
Project Name: Flood Mitigation Project [Loan 2068-AZE]
Report Date: