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Lesson
The project was the first of the ADB-assisted road projects in Azerbaijan. Many lessons were learned during project preparation and implementation. The main lessons are summarized below:

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East-West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Rural Microfinance Development Center (RMDC)-supported microfinance institutions (MFIs) were successful in delivering loans and ensuring timely repayment in areas with enough opportunities to earn daily wages. However, for areas without such opportunities, farmer cooperatives should be developed to deliver loans. These cooperatives have low overheads and function even in adverse geographic and political conditions because of their community ownership.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective implementation of laws and regulations on operation of slaughterhouses coupled with a consumer awareness program are essential to improve hygienic meat processing and marketing, and optimize benefits from project support.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Public-private partnership is an effective approach to promote private sector participation in the livestock subsector. This has been demonstrated by the successful operation of project-assisted meat and dairy shops, abattoirs, paravets, and veterinarians.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Privatization of public sector enterprises is not sufficient to achieve growth in the dairy industry. Strong links with milk-producing farmers and cooperatives are needed to ensure uninterrupted milk supplies to milk processors, achieve full capacity, and maximize investment benefits.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Poverty mapping was a useful tool to determine the beneficiaries and suitable ways to involve them in project activities. However, to include women and the disadvantaged in commercial processing and marketing enterprises that require more resources and better skills, alternative approaches are needed, such as organizing skills training in their areas of interest, easing access to institutional loans on a group guarantee basis, and establishing links with marketing institutions.

Project Number: 35170-013
Project Name: Community Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project targets aimed at including vulnerable groups (women and ethnic groups) should be based on a thorough understanding of realities and local institutional capacity. In the project's gender action plan, the goal of reducing rice deficits was to be achieved by having women constitute 50% of farmers. Since rural women by tradition are fully active in farming, the 50% target was irrelevant. Moreover, there is no logical link between rice deficits and the number of female farmers.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Almost all communities are experienced in managing their irrigation schemes and cultivating irrigated rice, but there remains a need for ongoing technical support and extension outreach after the schemes have been upgraded and turned over. There should be routine monitoring and support to the water user associations (WUAs). Without such support, the community-managed irrigation (CMI) systems will be slow to achieve their full economic potential, even though the investments may be economically viable as they stand.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comparison of the project and the Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project (CMISP) experiences shows that effective control of construction costs through careful subproject selection, design, and construction supervision is essential to ensure that economic benefits are achievable. The project managers effectively absorbed the lesson of the CMISP, where high construction costs for many subprojects contributed to an ex-post EIRR that was well below the appraisal estimate.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Agricultural extension activities usually consume a relatively small share of the total budget in irrigation projects, and therefore may get less attention from irrigation departments, which tend to focus on irrigation construction. The project experience shows that agricultural extension has a high pay-off where it is relevant to farmer needs, well supported by extension staff, and done over enough time to allow farmers to observe and digest the results.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Because farm activities are highly seasonal, timely start-up of implementation is crucial in agriculture projects. This experience shows that the 6-month delay in mobilizing consultants contributed to the loss of a year of crop demonstration trials in the Year 3 subprojects.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The selection of capable nongovernment organizations (NGOs) was critical to ensuring effective delivery of services and for sustaining project activities.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Post-project monitoring and evaluation systems need to be designed for the project during the planning phase to ensure ongoing innovation and sustainability of the project impacts.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
All project components should have been based on need assessment. This was particularly true of the activities for agribusiness credit piloting and infrastructure for marketing and the facilities at the horticulture training and demonstration centers (HTDCs). Failure to assess needs and conditions for these components adequately meant that the outputs were not used fully or successfully.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To ensure that the markets to be built under the project would be successful, the project needed to seek the participation and take into account the opinions of local stakeholders when selecting the sites for market construction.

Project Number: 32193-013
Project Name: Northwest Crop Diversification Project
Report Date: