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Lesson
An important lesson is the importance of integrating project funds and activities into government processes, wherever possible. The separation of Decentralized Basic Education Project funds for districts from district government budget mechanisms weakened the link between district education development plans and the annual budgeting process, and made district capacity building less effective.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project framework was not stressed sufficiently by ADB during loan implementation. As a result, the government and the central facilitation unit were not fully aware of all of the objectives of the project. Further, as district project management teams were under considerable political pressure to accelerate the implementation of project activities, the project came to be viewed primarily as a funding mechanism and the emphasis on district capacity development tended to be lost.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the development of district-based education information systems to strengthen district-based planning. Although most districts were still producing annual education statistics, there is room to improve data quality and the use of data in planning and management. Central Ministry of National Education maintains education statistics for the provinces; in the districts, all data are accessible through the districts themselves.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The experience of the project indicates the importance of systematic record keeping in addition to ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Although implementation was generally satisfactory, there was poor documentation and recording at the central and district levels of activities and updated data relating to project activities, output, and outcomes.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexible management by the government and ADB allowed a complex project to be implemented successfully in a rapidly changing environment. Good communication from the project management team, together with flexible support from ADB, allowed project implementation to adapt to the changing legal and administrative environment while retaining the basic project rationale and objectives. ADB project supervision would have been enhanced if there had been greater continuity of project officers.

Project Number: 31137-013, 31137-032
Project Name: Decentralized Basic Education Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate preparation at appraisal and readiness at approval caused the problems encountered during implementation. An urban development master plan and more importantly a detailed feasibility study to fully assess costs and alternatives was not in place prior to appraisal. As a result, the project required (i) further detailed studies during an extended initial implementation phase, and (ii) supplementary financing.

Project Number: 28314-013, 28314-023
Project Name: Sanitation and Drainage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Timely project completion report (PCR) is important for maintaining policy dialogue and assessing the need for follow-up actions and future assistance. Project Administration Instruction No. 6.07A recommends that the PCR be prepared between 1-2 years after project completion. In the case of Rural Financial Sector Development Program (RFSDP) program loan, the second (and final) tranche was released in February 2006. The bulk of activities under Project 1 and Project 2 were completed in 2008.

Project Number: 34320-013
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program loan tranches were front-loaded, with $35 million of the total program amount of $50 million programmed for the first two tranches. The first two tranches were largely preparatory measures and intermediate steps. Had the program been back-loaded with relatively larger amounts allocated to the third and fourth tranches, it is possible that the authorities would have been more inclined to implement some of the more difficult reform measures.

Project Number: 34320-013
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly ambitious and complex projects are less likely to be successful. The Program objectives had a strong rationale and the design was technically sound. However, in view of the weak implementation capacity of the executing agency and the implementing agencies, the Program would likely have yielded better results with a more focused and prioritized set of policy actions and project activities. Moreover, the Rural Financial Sector Development Program was approved only three months prior to the April 2004 parliamentary election.

Project Number: 34320-013
Project Name: Rural Finance Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The price for some materials, especially cement, steel, and asphalt, was substantially adjusted during implementation. Large-scale price eslalation led the contractors to slow down the work. Since the standard contract period for the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program) works is only 12 months, provision for price escalation is not included in the civil works contract. This means that if the works take longer than 12 months for any reason, price escalation potentially becomes an issue.

Project Number: 37066-023
Project Name: MFF - Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Subproject 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Relocation of electricity poles and telecommunication lines was a common problem faced in almost all contract packages. Early identification and preparation - such as sufficient survey provision, accurate cost estimation, adequate and timely budgeting, and adequate coordination with concerned departments and state organizations - should be incorporated into future subprojects.

Project Number: 37066-023
Project Name: MFF - Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Subproject 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Some of the construction delays were caused by nonavailability of the contractors, including lack of working facilities, mobilization of resources, and/or skilled and qualified staff. Also, some of the civil work packages were geographically spread out which made it difficult for the contractors to manage their resources, labor, and materials. In future project formulation, the size of contracts should be adjusted to the availability of contractors. Also, as a sector-wide issue, the capacity of the construction industry should be increased substantially.

Project Number: 37066-023
Project Name: MFF - Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Subproject 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program) roads usually generate new traffic and are sometimes being used as a shortcut if they provide a through route. Some field visits identified that some of the roads being used as shortcuts have already deteriorated. Consultation with communities also revealed that local residents were concerned about the quality of design and that it might not cater for future traffic.

Project Number: 37066-023
Project Name: MFF - Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Subproject 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Following the Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (Prime Minister's Rural Roads Program) guidelines, each civil works contract had a stipulated completion period of 12 months. However, it was found during the implementation that 12 months was inadequate and that 15-18 months were needed. The proper timing of the signing of civil works contracts in relation to the monsoon period will avoid the loss of construction time due to the monsoon. This should be incorporated and considered in following subprojects under the multitranche financing facility.

Project Number: 37066-023
Project Name: MFF - Rural Roads Sector II Investment Program (Subproject 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Delay in acquisition of the required land and award of contracts without implementation of resettlement plans impeded implementation and caused premature loan closure. Efforts are needed to built safeguard capacities within countries to implement and within ADB to supervise, guide, and monitor safeguard compliance. To check against safeguard-related delays, safeguard plans and their implementation should be part of a project readiness filter.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date: