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Lesson
More robust due diligence is needed during project design and formulation to enable the closest possible cost estimates and to set aside enough resources to cover contingencies. This can result in considerable time savings. The values of the works contracts were significantly higher than originally estimated. Further, the amounts had to be increased during implementation because of an unprecedented increase in material costs, besides the extra earthwork needed.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
A properly designed project can minimize the risk of changes in quantities and scope during implementation and can contribute to timely completion within budget. For this project, the geological nature and conditions were complex and fragile and no detailed study was carried out at appraisal. This caused several changes in the estimation of earthwork needed during implementation and made detailed geological studies in the middle of the process necessary. The entire project design and financing plans were affected.

Project Number: 38236-022
Project Name: Dushanbe - Kyrgyz Border Road Rehabilitation Project, Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
The holistic approach for rural development was not sufficiently emphasized in the project document. The original project design involved a large number of subprojects across 50 counties. This may have overextended loan resources. Reduced and focused geographic coverage would have eased project management pressure at the provincial level and amplified the effect of this holistic approach.

Project Number: 33439-013
Project Name: Fujian Soil Conservation and Rural Development II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Private enterprises played an important role in advancing the agriculture sector through branding and marketing of farm produce, introducing quality standards and technology, investing to improve farm infrastructure, and providing extension services. Farmers also benefited from advice on agricultural inputs, credit services, and increased farm gate prices.

Project Number: 33439-013
Project Name: Fujian Soil Conservation and Rural Development II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Subproject selection criteria guided the selection, but the Fujian provincial government's active role in subproject selection contributed to the project's success. Most subprojects made significant progress during project implementation despite the global financial crisis in 2008.

Project Number: 33439-013
Project Name: Fujian Soil Conservation and Rural Development II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In Viet Nam legislation is often comprehensive but implementation weak. Implementation required close monitoring on an annual basis and ensured continued relevance to the government's reform progress. While the Poverty Reduction Support Credit operations provided financial support for implementing the whole Socioeconomic Development Plan (SEDP), they disbursed against the upfront completion of a number of specific reform measures identified within the SEDP agenda by consultation between partners and the government, led by the World Bank.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The Poverty Reduction Support Credit (PRSC) series served as an effective framework for policy dialogue and interactions between the government and donors. The PRSC exercise also served as a common forum for donors to raise concerns with the government and provided the donors with broad access to a large number of ministries and agencies. The role of cofinanciers under the PRSC evolved from providers of financing to partners engaged in policy dialogue and the preparation of operations.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The new series of programmatic development policy lending is taking this broad lesson into account, driven by a new Socioeconomic Development Plan report (2011-2015). Though focused on two of the four pillars of the last Poverty Reduction Support Credit series, policy coordination that reflects linkages in policy areas requires a strong analytical foundation to inform directions and specific decisions.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
The breadth of the reform undertaking and linkages among policy actions across sectors called for a comprehensive approach to dialogue and support by development partners. Several development partners withdrew or reduced their development assistance to Viet Nam, in accordance with their aid practices for middle-income countries. The number of cofinanciers peaked at 11 for Poverty Reduction Support Credits (PRSCs) 6 and 7 and has fallen since, with some impact on the total level of financing under the PRSCs.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
A program cluster approach with prior expected actions enveloped by a medium-term framework with flexibility built into its design is an effective approach to supporting government reforms. It promotes continuous dialogue with the government on reforms and allows for program changes to effectively and efficiently respond to new or worsening risks to the economy and shifts in government policy priorities.

Project Number: 41046-013, 42191-013, 42191-023, 42191-033
Project Name: Support the Implementation of the Poverty Reduction Programs IV and V
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project of this nature, where there are serious security risks, and a potential for contractors' or consultants' suspension of works, or expected contract variations due to type of terrain, prompt decision making becomes critically important. This can be achieved through exceptional involvement of donors. ADB provided enhanced supervision both from headquarters and Afghanistan Resident Mission (AFRM). Staff were closely involved in identifying and promptly resolving issues.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In future projects, both the government and donors should prepare realistic project schedules by carefully taking into account (a) the security situation and the time and resources required to carry out remedial actions for the safety of project teams throughout the projects; (b) actual construction period available in a year considering the altitude of the project areas and inclement weather conditions; (c) probability of rebidding due to lack of interest, competition, or exorbitant costs (beyond acceptable limits) offered by some interested bidders; (d) delays in contractor mobilization;

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Scrutiny of contractors and consultants before their selection is critical to the success of any project. In particular, in projects like this, which draw minimum interest because of security hazards, lack of oversight may jeopardize project implementation. Therefore, in Afghanistan, specifically in projects like this, such risks may be averted by giving more emphasis to quality and the performance record of both the consultants and the contractors, and not just the lowest price.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adverse security issues and project start-up delays are two main factors that have adversely affected and delayed almost all previous projects in Afghanistan, except those where these issues were carefully handled in advance. Furthermore, insufficient surveys during project processing, and major changes in the technical design parameters during project implementation, can also cause serious implementation delays and significant cost overrun. The project suffered security issues until the situation was fixed with the help of additional security arrangements.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There was strong continuity between ADB's earlier support to establish a credit information bureau and this project's support for a central registry. There are natural synergies between the two initiatives that increase the effectiveness and sustainability of each.

Project Number: 39221-022
Project Name: Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Sector Development Program
Report Date: