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Lesson
Policy reform programs with complex and multiple interventions require rigorous identification and assessment of the political economy and capacity risks to ensure overall effectiveness.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Actions that demonstrate the achievement of program policy matrix milestones should indicate what has been achieved, rather than the process of their accomplishment. For example, Cabinet approval is an inadequate indicator to demonstrate a successful policy reform in Tonga.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-developed, in-house expertise in appraising infrastructure subprojects, business development, risk management, and monitoring supported by good governance contributes significantly to effective implementation of an infrastructure financing facility. Over the years, IDCOL demonstrated this type of institutional capacity especially in power subprojects.

Project Number: 42180-013
Project Name: Second Public–Private Infrastructure Development Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
While the timely and effective utilization of project savings can improve outcomes, it would be best to ensure reliable cost estimates at appraisal to avoid complications and mitigate implementation risks. Cost savings during implementation prompted two requests from POWERGRID, the borrower and executing agency of this project, to use available loan funds through minor scope changes. This enhanced project results and final outcome, particularly as ADB and POWERGRID were able to swiftly meet the requirements and provide timely support for the implementation of the scope changes.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Advance actions are important and effective in mitigating the risk of startup and implementation delays. As part of advance procurement, POWERGRID awarded the largest contract package under this project before loan effectiveness and the originally envisaged major contracts immediately after the loan became effective. It minimized land requirements by ensuring that the transmission lines mainly passed through government-owned land, wasteland, and agricultural and grazing lands and arranged for the timely issuance of forest clearances.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The participation of a financial management specialist in review missions and site visits will help improve capacity and compliance with statutory and financial covenants. The project generally met ADB’s financial monitoring and reporting requirements. But it encountered delays in the submission of the audited project financial statement for fiscal years 2016 and 2017. These delays could have been avoided by having a financial management specialist participate in project review missions and site visits.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
New technologies can enhance safeguards. The adoption of new technologies such as metallic return conductors, gas-insulated substations, and high-voltage direct current transmission systems has minimized the project’s environmental and social impacts. Specifically, it has reduced the project’s land requirements, with completed infrastructure expected to contribute positively to the welfare of communities in the beneficiary states.

Project Number: 44426-014
Project Name: National Grid Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to minimize if not completely prevent the need for design changes that could exacerbate implementation challenges. The project as delivered differs significantly from that expected at appraisal. A memorandum of understanding following the April 2013 loan review mission had made extensive and critical comments on the conceptual and detailed design of the project.

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of lump sum construction supervision contracts under conditions of frequent design changes is disadvantageous for the consultant and could jeopardize project implementation. The use of a lump sum contract between the EA and consultant for this project was not suitable. Lump sum contracts work well when tasks are precisely defined and the risks to both parties are well understood. In this case, the project had frequent design changes that resulted in extended discussions on the variations and severe implementation delays.

Project Number: 41192-013
Project Name: Regional Logistics Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Close consultations with the executing agency and the implementing agency would minimize or ensure that there are no interministerial misunderstandings that could delay project implementation.

Project Number: 44507-002
Project Name: Public–Private Partnership Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of complex projects would be enhanced through a careful assessment of whether the necessary institutional and legal infrastructure are in place to ensure that there are no roadblocks that can cause delays in projects getting off the ground.

Project Number: 44507-002
Project Name: Public–Private Partnership Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In implementing the PPPs and in establishing the PPP unit, specific actions could have been better emphasized to ensure that such projects are affordable to the poor and that these are gender and socially conscious. Providing varied financing mechanisms for different forms of PPPs—such as viability gap funding, availability-based, and Islamic bond financing—were innovations that could be repeated in future projects.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important for Indonesia to focus on improving the procedures to enable micro, small, and medium enterprises—the basis of the Indonesian economy—not only to start a business but also to expand the existing ones

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
With the government’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic severely affecting MSMEs, risks from further implications and possible pandemics in the future need more attention in the program’s assessment moving forward.

Project Number: 48134-001, 48134-006, 48134-007
Project Name: Stepping Up Investments for Growth Acceleration Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate stakeholder consultations, conducted at all project stages, are essential to building consensus and preventing tensions and disagreements from negatively affecting implementation.

Project Number: 36188-023
Project Name: Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date: