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Lesson
Stakeholder involvement in project design and advance preparation of the consultant terms of reference and procurement packages strengthen the effectiveness and efficiency potential of projects. Close involvement by the executing agency and project colleges allowed for an in-depth discussion of outcome and output indicators, as well as of the cost estimates reflecting the local context and implementation capacity of the executing agency and project colleges.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building in TVET needs to go hand-in-hand with industry progress as employment of TVET students is directly influenced by industry trends and capacity. Complementary elements, such as the purchase of equipment and training of instructors on the equipment, should be arranged more successively to allow the implementation of subsequent phases to proceed more seamlessly. Greater focus is needed in engaging the private sector to better understand the trends in hiring and updating of curricula and learning materials.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Short-term training courses have many advantages that make them more preferable than longer bachelor- and masters-level courses. The project colleges' management, teachers, and trainers expressed their preference for short-term training courses over the longer bachelor- and masters-level courses the project provided. This reflects their desire to receive specific subject training that can be achieved in more focused and shorter courses.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate documentation, including irretrievability and non-updating of project documents, reduces the level of scrutiny possible during project completion review and subsequent evaluations. Discrepancies in project assessments and progress reports, which tend to obscure actual results, make it difficult to establish project performance across the results chain. Non-availability in English of important documents, such as tracer studies, impedes the depth and comprehensiveness of project completion reviews and other evaluations.

Project Number: 42278-024
Project Name: Second Strengthening Technical and Vocational Education and Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate consideration of climatic constraints,working seasons in the project sites, difficult terrain, and availability of experienced local labor and construction materials can cause construction delays with implications on project implementation periods and costs .

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Inaccurate estimation of quantities in the detailed project reports (DPR), required for project processing in India, can raise project costs at the same time push back construction periods. There was a huge difference between actual quantity requirements based on site-specific conditions and those indicated in this project's DPRs. Because of insufficient estimations in the bill of quantities, contractors had to put a huge claim for the revision of rates and work quantity. Given this, care must be taken in preparing the DPR and estimating quantities.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Wide time gaps between the finalization of construction cost estimate, initiation of the bidding process, and awarding of contracts should be avoided as these could lead to time and cost overruns. There were significant time gaps of 4–5 years between the finalization of the DPRs, including cost estimates and the completion of the bidding process. Besides causing startup delays, this also led to higher contract costs in comparison to the engineering estimates.

Project Number: 37143-033
Project Name: North Eastern States Roads Investment Program - Project 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of risks related to tariff policy implementation needs to be included in the project preparatory tehnical assistance to ensure that these risks are addressed in the project design. The risk assessment in the design phase did not adequately discussethe feasibility of fully implementing the water tariff policy, and accordingly plan the mitigation measures.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing any new procurement modality, such as the complex performance-based management contract (PBMC), creates implementation capacity issues. Initially, a water loss management contract under this project adopted the design-build–operate modality and was tendered out. Due to poor market response, the contract package was rebid. The executing agency (EA) modified the contract provisions to align with market needs and a PBMC package was successfully awarded in October 2016.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Data generation from multiple points, spread across several units and consulting teams, can affect the accuracy and timeliness of data collation. In 2006, the EA established several anticorruption and governance measures, including (i) public disclosure of the details of physical and financial progress and the results of all tenders on the project website, (ii) public audits of project works by field-level committees in every borough, and (iii) computer-aided redress of public grievances with a requirement to respond within 24 hours upon receipt of the complaint.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Imprest fund and direct payment procedures could impact timely advance fund payment, leading to delays. Direct payment and reimbursement procedure was used by the project until 2018. This was discontinued in accordance with the policy change of the Government of India. Disbursements were on track— from the first disbursement on 12 September 2014—and reached 88.3% of the revised loan amount by the end of the original loan closing date of 30 June 2019.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Weak financial management performance of executing agencies and systemic issues could affect timely compliance to covenants. Under this project, the covenants related to the annual project financial statements (APFSs) and audited entity financial statements (AEFSs) were fully complied with. However, submissions were delayed due to financial management and systemic issues. As a result, submission of annual audits conducted by statutory auditors appointed by the state government was likewise routinely delayed.

Project Number: 42266-013, 42266-023
Project Name: Kolkata Environmental Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Court cases and stay orders, due to compensation complaints, can cause unnecessary project delays. Court cases and stay orders secured by a few landowners, despite being awarded due compensation approved by competent authority, hampered project implementation. Some cases were resolved quickly, while others lingered, waiting for court resolution.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
The envisaged institutional arrangements for safeguards need to be fully functional from commencement to the closure of projects. This would allow the safeguards performance of projects to improve, as was the case with the environmental performance of this project which improved over time, with increased monitoring and coordination by the project staff.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing EAs proactive guidance and close support in financial management from project start to finish will ensure timely and quality compliance. HPPTCL, executing its first ADB loan, faced initial challenges in meeting financial management-related requirements. However, these challenges were overcome as the project progressed, resulting in improved compliance.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date: