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Lesson
ADB should be more proactive to ensure full compliance with the loan agreement and adherence to ADB procedures relating to procurement of goods and consulting services.

Project Number: 34160-023
Project Name: Education Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The risk assessment of political resistance to devolution was not sufficiently robust, and mitigating measures were not realistic. The design should have been revised to address political resistance to implementation of the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 (PLGO). Failure to do so undermined program implementation. Another significant design flaw was the multi-sector and ambitious scope of the program. This observation was also raised by the executing agency (EA) during the program completion review mission.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate allocation and delayed release of counterpart funds can jeopardize project outputs.

Project Number: 34160-023
Project Name: Education Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB and the government should jointly ensure project readiness before approval (e.g., all relevant studies, including the local feasibility studies should be completed before the start of the project).

Project Number: 34160-023
Project Name: Education Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The focus of the EA and PSU was on implementation of the policy matrix. Considerably less importance was given to the loan covenants. The PSU indicated that it would have recruited local support groups if it had been a condition in the policy matrix; however, since it was not a tranche condition, the PSU did not feel compelled to comply. This was also the case with covenants related to social sector expenditures and conditional grants, which were key covenants for ensuring improved social sector performance.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is essential to include maintenance components for new systems and facility renovations to ensure the sustainability of project outputs. The project initiated several new monitoring systems and supported renovation of health and education facilities. Since it often takes time for staff to understand the usage of new systems and facilities, 6 to 12 months of maintenance services are required to support the gradual shift of maintenance responsibility to the national and state governments.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate consultation and participation at the state and community level during project design and scope change are essential for understanding the institutional capacity, and for identifying appropriate implementation arrangements and required technical assistance. Although most of the project activities were at state level, the project was designed to be managed at the national level. Consultations with all stakeholders at state or lower level during the design and preparation of scope changes would have been helpful to identify most appropriate activities and arrangements.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) government and ADB flexibly responded to the changes required as a result of second Compact, few activities were implemented during the first 5 years after the project was approved. To respond to such changes, long-term technical assistance on the ground and closer communication between local stakeholders and ADB is critical, through consultations and review missions.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To improve ownership, state governments should be closely involved in project monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Providing long-term technical assistance at the state level would be more appropriate to support long-term development, including human resource development and monitoring and quality control systems. Institutional capacity developments require gradual changes and long-term support at the local level would be more efficient.

Project Number: 33312-013
Project Name: Basic Social Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for steps to be taken at an early stage to keep the TA on track, and ensure that it is being managed according to the objectives of the loan program that it is supporting. IED’s 2005 SAPE for Social Sectors in Pakistan in fact had anticipated these based on the issues that it identified from the then implementation of SDSSP.

Project Number: 34337-033
Project Name: Sindh Devolved Social Services Project [Loan 2049-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
Paying salaries for government staff in project management or implementation units can cause problems of overstaffing or inappropriate appointments. A salary supplement may often be a better option, where essential, but with strict limits on eligibility to avoid the same problems.

Project Number: 38135-013
Project Name: Multisector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project for Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
Where institutional weakness is evident, means of assuring adequate support could include capacity building TA, over which ADB has more control than it does when using loan implementation consultants.

Project Number: 38135-013
Project Name: Multisector Rehabilitation and Improvement Project for Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34337-013
Project Name: Sindh Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Bank supervision of project implementation is more critical at the start when implementation arrangements are made operational than when implementation is progressing on schedule. More staff time should be allocated to review missions for projects at widely scattered locations.

Project Number: 22045-013
Project Name: Six Universities Development and Rehabilitation in Indonesia
Report Date: