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Lesson
Close coordination among key stakeholders is especially required in complex and large-scale projects. Bolstered by strong partnership with and regular involvement and oversight from ADB, the executing agency and the project implementation unit’s professional and technical staff would have contributed to the delivery of the intended outcome and outputs. Professional and technical support was particularly important as the municipality of Ulaanbaatar MUB lack in capacity to effectively manage and coordinate the program.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex and large-scale investment programs demand more rigorous front-end analyses to identify appropriate implementation arrangements and timelines. Drawn-out government approval processes, lack of qualified and experienced consultants, and inadequate high-level support and guidance obstructed the implementation of this investment program. Being a complex and the first-generation bus rapid transit investment in Mongolia, the program required a longer implementation period.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Protracted bidding can compromise the implementation of projects. One of the major issues encountered by this project was the protracted bidding process undertaken by the executing agency (EA). The bidding process for the civil works and construction supervision contracts took more than 1 year to complete because of the EA’s unfamiliarity with the updated ADB guidelines. It added to an initial delay of more than 1 year because of changes in the road design, which required updating the design, feasibility study, and tender documents.

Project Number: 50063-001
Project Name: Kashkadarya Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful consideration of typically applied engineering solutions and examination of project readiness with the use of an agreed upon checklist will help mitigate implementation risks and synchronize startup and financial activities. Engineering solutions that are typically considered could have been looked into during project appraisal, as any changes introduced after loan approval will impact the project cost and implementation period.

Project Number: 50063-001
Project Name: Kashkadarya Regional Road Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Robust due diligence in consultant and contractor selection is essential to ensuring smooth and successful project implementation.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation arrangements need to be based on a thorough assessment of the capacity of all relevant agencies and accordingly adjusted during implementation.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A comprehensive strategy to address traffic congestion, reduce air pollution from vehicles, and improve walkability is needed to meet the urban transport and livability challenges in the Kathmandu Valley.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Besides clearly stipulating ADB and country safeguards requirements, the protocols for corrective action in case of breach or noncompliance to such requirements need to be included in civil works contracts.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Proper baseline data need to be established prior to the start of projects.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban transport planning needs to be based on reliable and robust transport demand projections.

Project Number: 44058-013
Project Name: Kathmandu Sustainable Urban Transport Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for the government's continuous capacity enhancement in project preparation. The government should have conducted its own robust due diligence prior to processing new projects, particularly in terms of engineering and safeguards. Further, international financial institutions, including ADB, should continue providing technical support, including institutional and capacity development programs, to enable the executing and implementing agencies to independently prepare projects with sound technical inputs.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for comprehensive due diligence in safeguards and technical aspects. The cost overrun had two major causes: (i) an insufficient safeguard assessment during appraisal, and (ii) an inaccurate cost estimate. A comprehensive safeguards impact assessment during appraisal could have avoided the later realignment. Detailed analysis of alternative alignments and their associated potential safeguards impacts, both of environmental and social, should have been conducted as well.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for adequate resource allocation to preparatory works for new projects. The cost overrun of the civil works component was a primary reason for the cancellation, and was caused by inadequacies in the investment program appraisal with respect to safeguards, engineering design and the cost estimate.

Project Number: 41122-033
Project Name: Road Corridor Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from previous projects. Lessons from two older ADB urban sector loan projects to Karachi in 1986 and 1991, respectively, which were rated unsuccessful and partly successful, include the need for (i) greater attention to sustainability, (ii) enhanced project design based on sound assessments, (iii) careful consideration for institutional shortcomings of executing and implementing agencies, and (iv) greater efforts to address the financial insolvency problems of the Karachi local government bodies.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date: