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Lesson
Financial sustainability of project assets and benefits, in this case, the sanitary and phytosanitary system, should be addressed at the outset or during implementation and not only identified as an issue at appraisal, and establishing appropriate financing mechanisms for operation and maintenance at the outset would help ensure adequate maintenance after project completion.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
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Lesson
Active support of relevant government agencies and strong ownership of the project management units contribute significantly to project success. In developing member countries where institutional capacity is weak, it is critical that concerned agencies are both capacitated and committed in achieving the intended results.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delays early on during the project implementation suggested that it was important for the PMU to have an appropriate mix of full- and part-time personnel. In this project’s case, more full-time staff were required early in the project to attend fully to activities that were different from routine government activities, such as familiarization with the enhanced SPS regimes, ADB procurement requirements, and other procedures. PMU’s too many part-time appointments caused inefficiencies in procurement and timely implementation of the project activities.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Pilot testing is an appropriate approach to introduce a new regulatory requirement to demonstrate its relevance and benefits to the industry, test its effectiveness, and determine areas for improvement in design and implementation. Pilot testing can generate substantial demonstration effects that justify a program’s nationwide expansion.

Project Number: 43120-025
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design should reflect realistic target timeframes for outputs that target legislation, as it is largely influenced by political conditions, priorities, and pace of reforms.

Project Number: 43566-013
Project Name: Inclusive Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Project
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Lesson
Adequately taking into account institutional capacity and implementation constraints at appraisal leads to better design formulation.

Project Number: 43566-013
Project Name: Inclusive Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprise Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Inclusion of gender targets in policy actions and DMF ensures the delivery of gender actions benefiting women.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program (Subprograms 1–3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Reforms on tax burden and administration should be broad enough to significantly reduce the cost of tax compliance and eventually the size of the informal economy.

Project Number: 41544-088, 41544-089, 41544-091
Project Name: Second Investment Climate Improvement Program (Subprograms 1–3)
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Lesson
Sustained government support needs to be cultivated to ensure the long-term success of reform efforts.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
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Lesson
It is a good practice in future cluster programs to update and improve the DMF as the program evolves.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Since changes brought about by national elections can have a significant impact on program implementation, programs being planned need to be discussed with key political parties at the design stage.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Manageable and tightly focused reform agenda, incentives provided to the government to continue the reforms, and linking the program to the trade policy sector-wide approach all contributed to the successful project outcome.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Efficient implementation of new concepts, like the regulatory impact assessment (RIA), should be directly supported by the government by way of mandatory participation to encourage short uptake times.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of the cluster approach provides a framework for a 5-year partnership between ADB and government, giving sufficient time for reforms to take hold and capacity building to take place.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to balance policy-based lending and capacity building through project grants.

Project Number: 38421-013, 38421-023, 38421-072
Project Name: Promoting Economic Diversification Program
Report Date: