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Lesson
In a federal–provincial type of country having multiple government structures, sectoral functions, and finances are intricately interwoven. Factoring such institutional arrangements fully while designing projects is critical and requires extra effort to ensure an effective coordination and coherence.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, including an exit strategy, helps improve the design of long-term support for the power sector. Therefore, the supervision of the investment program needs to closely track the capital works being implemented by the executing agencies using their own funds, and the assistance provided by other agencies, including complementary programs initiated by the government. Any gaps should be then filled by utilizing loan savings. ADB started supporting the Madhya Pradesh power sector over 20 years ago and the approved loans add up to $1,720 million.

Project Number: 43467-014, 43467-016
Project Name: Madhya Pradesh Energy Efficiency Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 2 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance management system (PPMS), which was not included in the project design, could have been beneficial for identifying, quantifying, and valuing economic benefits, and help in evaluating the extent of the project’s effectiveness and sustainability

Project Number: 38254-053
Project Name: North Karnataka Urban Sector Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
A detailed assessment of water adequacy and the introduction of proper operation and maintenance measures and an adequate level of water charges are critical to successful outcome and long-term sustainability of irrigation projects.\

Project Number: 45354-002
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear sector assessment and plan can strategically enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of sector investments. The sustained government plan of the Prime Minister’s Rural Road Program (PMGSY) provided a strong foundation for the sector to have a clear set of subprojects and financing commitments from the government. In addition, its priority to operate and manage these roads sustainably led to a more relevant design focused on the non-physical component of investments—road management, road audit, and road safety.

Project Number: 48226-003
Project Name: Second Rural Connectivity Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial sustainability of project assets and benefits, in this case, the sanitary and phytosanitary system, should be addressed at the outset or during implementation and not only identified as an issue at appraisal, and establishing appropriate financing mechanisms for operation and maintenance at the outset would help ensure adequate maintenance after project completion.

Project Number: 43120-013
Project Name: Trade Facilitation: Improved Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) Handling in Greater Mekong Subregion Trade Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project highlighted the importance of safeguarding the nation’s wealth fund (State Oil Fund of the Republic of Azerbaijan or SOFAZ) to ensure that social programs and development priorities are sustained. In times when the nation’s wealth fund can be compromised due to external factors, exploring and pursuing viable funding options to meet the government’s financial obligations can ease pressures on the use of the fund other than its intended purposes.

Project Number: 49451-002
Project Name: Shah Deniz Gas Field Expansion Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Urban development projects typically involve a variety of risks in the course of its implementation and execution of activities. Formulating appropriate project design and risk assessment during preparatory phase is critical to minimize start-up and implementation delays. This includes a systematic appraisal of the project’s technical scope and engineering design, project cost and contingencies, environmental and social safeguards, and financial and contractual risks.

Project Number: 43023-013
Project Name: Guangxi Beibu Gulf Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing a financial operation and maintenance (O&M_ mechanism during project design and preparation plays a critical role in ensuring project sustainability, specifically when the government’s resource capacity is limited. For example, appropriate identification of tariff policies, revenue streams, and cost recovery mechanisms at the onset to support the O&M cost will help in ensuring the project sustainability, as well as in sustaining the project benefits.

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Subsidized credit when sourced from a grant may be used as an immediate and emergency response to the financing needs of those severely affected by disaster. However, it is not sustainable over time when grant funds are no longer available. It is basically a stop gap measure in an emergency. There are costs to the delivery of financial services that need to be considered in product pricing to help financial institutions sustain their operations and continue serving targeted households. These institutions need to price their loan products to allow for full cost recovery.

Project Number: 49202-001
Project Name: Disaster Risk Reduction and Livelihood Restoration for Earthquake-Affected Communities
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Lesson
The program did not give sufficient emphasis to ethnicity and included no specific ethnicity expertise even though ethnic students were the main project beneficiaries. A detailed analysis of different ethnic minority areas would have yielded a fuller understanding of the factors influencing education choices and outcomes. Inclusion of specialistsin the program team could have deepened the analysis in EGP, strengthened the engagement of ethnic groups, and likely strengthened outcomes for ethnic communities

Project Number: 40368-022
Project Name: Secondary
Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Better data and information. A better use of more accurate data for planning and budgeting by newly trained personnel at the central, provincial, and district levels could have significantly improved allocative efficiency in the health sector, enabling better targeted policies and activities in operational and development plans.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: