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Lesson
The MFF is a useful modality for providing the substantial financing required for infrastructure through successive tranches, but frequent policy dialogue between ADB and the executing agency would support the strategic long-term requirements of the sector. Implementation of the program demonstrated the flexibility and effectiveness of the MFF modality, for example when an additional tranche was approved to cover a section of the corridor that was originally not envisioned for ADB finance.

Project Number: 41121-023, 41121-033, 41121-043, 41121-053, 45150-001
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People’s Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program and Taraz Bypass Project (Kazakhstan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-designed road facilities and the systematic monitoring and collection of the traffic accident and volume data are critical for transport policy and for safe and sustainable transport over the long term. Road investments alone cannot ensure that sustainability objectives are achieved; complementary measures are needed to offset the adverse impacts of infrastructure provision, but to support this, traffic accident and count data need to be accurately collected and monitored.

Project Number: 41121-023, 41121-033, 41121-043, 41121-053, 45150-001
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People’s Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program and Taraz Bypass Project (Kazakhstan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Innovative technologies need to be carefully assessed and monitored to determine their efficacy and sustainability. As new technologies are made available through various projects, close monitoring of their application and performance and as well as best practices should be incorporated so they can contribute to the success of the program and projects. Accumulation of this knowledge and its proper dissemination within ADB will ensure that it can be applied to other projects in different locations.

Project Number: 41121-023, 41121-033, 41121-043, 41121-053, 45150-001
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People’s Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program and Taraz Bypass Project (Kazakhstan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation for land acquisition is difficult. In the project, two sections (0.5% of the project roads) are not yet completed owing to difficulty in acquiring the land. The NHAI recently adopted a policy that construction procurements will be started only when more than 80% of land acquisition is completed. However, even if this policy had been adopted in the project, the project still might not have resolved the issues it faced. Land acquisition is a difficult issue in India, and lack of careful consultation with landowners can lead to delays in the acquisition of land for roads.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Seamless transport across state boundaries is lacking. The east–west national highway corridor was improved significantly between Chittorgarh and Kanpur, and travel time was reduced. For example, the travel time from Shivpuri to Jhansi (100 km) decreased by 1 hour. However, trucks carrying goods must spend 1.5 hours at state border checkpoints to get tax and customs clearances to cross. The World Bank’s Logistic Performance Index, which ranks 160 countries every 2 years, ranked India 25th in 2016, up from 54th in 2014.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in sections outside the project scope in the same corridor can have big impacts on a project. The Kota bypass, which is in the middle of the Chittorgarh–Kota and the Kota–Baran sections, was not completed owing to the collapse of the bridge under construction at the time of IEM fielding. Although the bypass is not within the scope of the project, the delay of its completion affected the traffic on adjacent sections of the project.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Build–operate–transfer (BOT) schemes have large risks but can be successful in high-traffic sections. The BOT annuity concessionaire for the Orai-Baran section, with higher traffic than expected, represents a successful case. However, in many cases BOT schemes in India are not successful. BOT concessionaires need to take large risks as (i) lack of achievement of expected traffic volumes owing to external factors such as the unexpected opening of competitive roads and construction delay in adjacent sections, and (ii) delays in land acquisition.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Hidden costs of low-cost bids. The difference between the budget and actual cost of supervision and training for the project indicates that the project required substantially more supervision than planned. The HPDT attributes this greater cost, at least in part, to the selection of the low-cost bidders for portions of the civil works.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of local practices and knowledge. This project was the third ADB road project in Heilongjiang (and a fourth is currently underway). The HPDT has extensive experience in road design and construction, knowledge of ADB practices and requirements, and clear boundaries for its responsibilities. Although international practices can be usefully included in projects, they do not always work well in the local context.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of rural link roads. The project was able to deliver benefits to the project area through the inclusion of both the provincial highway upgrade and the rural link roads in the project design. The socioeconomic benefits of these roads were very important, allowing all-weather access to jobs and services (health care, transport). Local tourists use the rural roads to travel to scenic areas, a further source of economic development as well as of support for maintaining the environment.

Project Number: 39038-013
Project Name: Heilongjiang Road Network Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A greater level of upfront efforts in project preparation, particularly in the areas of preparing credible traffic forecasts and identifying road alignments, could pay large dividends. Mitigation measures identified in the RRP to address project risks were largely unsuccessful, and the project was subject to long time delays, problems with land acquisition and procurement, shortfalls in demand, and insufficient funding for maintenance.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Baseline data collection is a priority. At appraisal and during implementation, greater attention should have been given to the design and monitoring framework, especially in establishing measurable indicators and their baseline values, and target values with a realistic time frame to achieve these goals. Higher priority should have been given to ensure that baseline data were collected prior to project implementation, and updated during project implementation and at completion. The absence of baseline data has made this independent evaluation of the project difficult.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing policy reforms entails a complex and long-term process of change. The legislation and policy measures that were enacted required fundamental changes to the roles of several concerned institutions. These types of reforms can take longer than anticipated, adding uncertainty to the realization of actual outputs and outcomes. The full extent of reforms, especially to institutional arrangements, may extend well beyond the usual administrative life of a project loan.

Project Number: 33243-013
Project Name: Road Maintenance and Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government’s commitment and ability to implement the institutional development and capacity development (particularly in procurement, loan and contract administration, disbursement processes, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, periodic reporting, and social and environmental safeguards) could have been carefully reviewed. A flexible approach could have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in capacity development activities. Discussions at the technical level should have led to higherlevel discussion as the proposed reforms were far-reaching.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed completion of preconstruction activities and advance action caused delays to all subsequent activities. ADB could have satisfied itself about project readiness in the key areas of detailed design, safeguards, procurement, and establishment of the project implementation unit.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date: