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Lesson
An adaptive approach can work effectively to mitigate riverbank erosion if it is executed to its full extent. Such riverbank protection work requires persistent commitment and continuous effort, unlike a one-time physical investment. Effective mitigation measures using geo-bags along riverbanks requires the implementation of an adaptive approach. O&M activities, including routine maintenance, need to be continuously implemented in parallel.

Project Number: 34038-013
Project Name: Jamuna-Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Agreement of all project stakeholders on the use of an adaptive approach and on O&M at the design stage is crucial for achieving project results. More time should have been spent during project design to ensure there was a common understanding on the following questions: What activities are required for the adaptive approach? What is the difference between the adaptive approach and O&M? Who is responsible for the implementation of the adaptive approach and O&M? How is the adaptive approach to be implemented after the project?

Project Number: 34038-013
Project Name: Jamuna-Meghna River Erosion Mitigation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Proper formulation of training components is necessary to effectively build the capacity of institutions and meet priority needs. Providing resources for a program that is not well developed usually results in poor use of resources as priorities for use of resources do not often match additional skill requirements. An important lesson from the assessment is a need for more attention to the implementation of institutional components during project supervision as physical components are a natural priority of implementing agencies.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important for urban transport projects to factor in adequate measures to address sustainability issues which can positively affect the project outcomes on the ground in the long term. Attaining sustainability is important in rapidly growing urban areas where rising population levels, increased motorization and economic activity combine to produce conditions that can adversely impact sustainability and erode the benefits of urbanization and quality of life.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Systematic monitoring and collection of the traffic volume data is critical input to support the needs for complementary transport planning, traffic management, and transport policy to promote long-term sustainable transport. Road investments alone cannot ensure that urban sustainability objectives are achieved. Complementary measures are needed to offset the adverse impacts of rapid motorization in addition to infrastructure provision for urban transport. Transport planning also needs to be linked to urban land use planning, urban development, and infrastructure planning.

Project Number: 40643-013
Project Name: Xinjiang Urban Transport and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There is no one-size-fits-all model. The project reservoir rehabilitation and management model need to be customized to suit the reservoir requirements of other provinces. Sharing the model and project experience will allow other provinces to utilize the model as a best reference and customize it to their own conditions. This would be useful for them in developing their own site-specific plans.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing O&M budget and capacity are necessary for maintaining dam durability. Adequate O&M budgets should be secured in the province to make the rehabilitated and other reservoirs and facilities sustainable. Strengthening O&M capacity is necessary to develop preventive measures and provide robust preparedness for disaster risks.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
M&E is crucial for generating quality data and implementation efficiency. Having quality M&E data is a sign of good project management. Institutional capacity for social safeguards implementation and data management needs to be strengthened.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Flood control measures mitigate impact of extreme weather events. Functional linkage of dams and discharge channels is crucial for effective flood control. Rehabilitating nonproject reservoirs inclusive of the discharge channels below the reservoir dams is necessary to mitigate flood impact. A dam and discharge channels below it need to be designed and managed as an integrated hydraulic system. For a similar project in the future, the full scope should be explicitly specified at the design stage, even though future projects might be covered by domestic funds.

Project Number: 40683-013
Project Name: Risk Mitigation and Strengthening of Endangered Reservoirs in Shandong Province Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Limiting the number of policy actions and reform areas could help to tighten future policy-based loans and adopt deeper policy actions. It would also allow sufficient time to implement the attached TA effectively, further strengthening potential impact. The program included a large number of policy actions, spread over five different reform areas, and some of its policy actions lacked the depth required to bring about structural change.

Project Number: 35174-082
Project Name: School Sector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A policy-based loan needs a clearly articulated policy matrix and performance indicators with direct linkages to the design and monitoring framework (DMF) to allow results to be attributed to policy actions. In many instances, it was difficult to attribute reported achievements to policy actions supported by the program. This affected the understanding of the program’s effectiveness. The results chain of a policy-based loan should be explicitly presented in the project documents and the DMF indicators should fully reflect intended outcomes of the selected policy actions.

Project Number: 35174-082
Project Name: School Sector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Results-based lending may be more suitable than policy-based lending for sector-wide approach, as they require a broad range of interventions implemented step by step and with appropriate incentives. When the program was approved, results-based lending was not yet available at ADB. The decision to opt for a policy-based lending modality was adequate, as it was the most suitable modality available at the time. However, the School Sector Reform Plan involved different types of initiatives, ranging from policy reforms to specific ground-level interventions.

Project Number: 35174-082
Project Name: School Sector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The intensive involvement of the resident mission is crucial to the successful implementation of a program supporting a sector-wide approach (SWAp). Close coordination with development partners and regular consultations with government counterparts take on greater importance in a SWAp, as was illustrated under the program. Appointing a focal person at the resident mission can help in addressing issues as they emerge, and in ensuring ongoing participation in policy dialogue and joint review meetings.

Project Number: 35174-082
Project Name: School Sector Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The transition to commercial agriculture requires extensive training and empowerment of smallholder farmers. The NRSLLDP aimed to provide farmers with animals to be integrated into their semi-subsistence livelihoods. These additional animals were stores of wealth that were sold occasionally to smooth consumption (e.g., school fees) or support other investments (e.g., motorbikes). With a commercialized approach, the focus is on maximizing a stream of income over a sustained period. This will require substantial changes in the production, marketing, selling, and reinvesting cycle.

Project Number: 35297-013
Project Name: Northern Region Sustainable Livelihoods Through Livestock Development Project (A Joint Evaluation)
Report Date:
Lesson
The move of smallholder farmers toward commercialization requires tailored infrastructure. The NRSLLDP, through the VIF, supported CDD-related infrastructure (such as village meeting halls) at the provincial, district, and local levels. Livestock development and commercialization endeavors, on the other hand, will require new infrastructure to address impediments such as access to water, animal shelters, medicinal supplies, cold-chain, access roads, and market infrastructure.

Project Number: 35297-013
Project Name: Northern Region Sustainable Livelihoods Through Livestock Development Project (A Joint Evaluation)
Report Date: