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Lesson
Programs such as this should take a holistic approach to measuring and abating air pollution. Although substantial progress has been made, longer-term policy measures to address the ongoing air quality issue in Mongolia are still needed The increased concentrations of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide show shortcomings in the program’s overall achievements, along with the concentrations of small particulate matter which remain above World Health Organization’s guidelines, necessitating more policy actions.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Publication of air quality should be institutionalized to provide a feedback loop to policy makers and to empower the public to assess overall progress. ADB’s participation in the longer-term framework for air pollution abatement will reinforce the feedback and will be an instrument to provide additional assistance that will ensure the continued air pollution reduction in Ulaanbaatar and other urban areas in Mongolia.

Project Number: 53028-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program and Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement
Program – Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Need for strong emphasis on establishing adequate O&M mechanisms to ensure sustainability of the built infrastructure. Lastly, more guidance is required from district administrations, consultants, and community facilitators to ensure that communities understand the importance of systematic maintenance.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective utilization of existing institutions avoided start-up problems and delays. This enabled the concerned agencies to immediately trigger implementation activities without waiting for a project management office to be set up. This was attributed to ADB’s own experience in implementing the previous PNPM Mandiri project.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
The integrated approach to disaster recovery operations beyond infrastructure restoration to also include activities directed at restoring livelihood and improving the resilience of infrastructure and economic activity to disasters.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
2. Projects for emergency assistance loan (EAL) consideration should be selected more carefully.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
1. Receptivity and capacity to adjust to changes in loan administration policy and procedures, and prompt action on recommended reforms in rural infrastructure rehabilitation works are important in designing and implementing projects.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
5. Given the short time frames for EALs, longer-term rehabilitation activities should be mainstreamed in future country operational plans with corresponding alternative funding mechanisms explored.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
4. ADB supported rehabilitation efforts have to be synchronized with those of other donors and humanitarian relief organizations with vast experiences in disaster relief and mitigation to ensure timely delivery, quality, and immediate impact.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
3. Rehabilitating damaged infrastructure and facilities often take a long time, and sometimes require redesign to be sustainable.

Project Number: 40282-013, 40282-023
Project Name: Emergency Rehabilitation of Calamity Damage Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project yielded the following insights for similar, future community-driven development projects: (i) Inclusive involvement of community members in decision making and implementation of infrastructure projects is needed to ensure ownership and transparency. (ii) Community facilitators and consultants must be well selected so that only qualified and committed personnel are deployed to support communities in the empowerment process and on technical matters.

Project Number: 38385-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
The growing evidence that community-driven development approaches deliver investments that greatly impact beneficiaries in a cost-effective manner is presumably applicable to situations where it is feasible and economical for beneficiaries to observe project activities.

Project Number: 40247-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Most contracts were relatively small and within the competence levels of local contractors, especially relevant in the difficult conditions for access and supply that applied during and after the conflicts. Use of local contractors, instead of outside companies, strengthened local ownership and avoided aggravating community and ethnic tensions.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation is difficult in the fluid security conditions of conflicts and their aftermath. However, staff members were motivated by the evident need for their services, as well as by pressure from both sides in the conflict to address basic infrastructure in all areas.

Project Number: 36601-013, 36601-023, 38111-013
Project Name: North East Community Restoration and Development Project
Report Date: