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Lesson
A program cluster approach with prior expected actions enveloped by a medium-term framework with flexibility built into its design is an effective approach to supporting government reforms. It promotes continuous dialogue with the government on reforms and allows for program changes to effectively and efficiently respond to new or worsening risks to the economy and shifts in government policy priorities.

Project Number: 40538-013, 40538-023, 40538-033
Project Name: Development Policy Support Program Cluster
Report Date:
Lesson
During crisis episodes, while policy reforms are important, the government has urgent needs to quickly stabilize the economy, such as, providing urgent fiscal support to counteract the financial crisis. As such, crisis response operations should focus more on immediate responses to the financial crisis, such as maintaining critical social and safety net expenditures. However, as crises open opportunities for reforms, policy dialogue can be initiated for follow-up operations. But this should not delay the financial crisis recovery support.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation framework. The overall success of the EAPCR could have been greater had the DMF been better designed. The impact statement could have been closer to the outcome, and assumptions about investor and consumer confidence should have been more realistic. The impact statement could have focused on maintaining sustainable and inclusive public sector spending rather than to restore the Georgian economy to the pre-war trajectory of growth and social development.

Project Number: 42477-013
Project Name: Emergency Assistance for Post-Conflict Recovery
Report Date:
Lesson
By not having any policy conditions other than the government's countercyclical expenditure programs, the Kazakhstan Countercyclical Support Loan (KCSL) was an effective and efficient instrument to respond to the financial crisis. While reforms to correct policy inconsistencies during crisis situations might be desirable, countries that are in the middle of financial crises would find it difficult to simultaneously undertake both crisis mitigation and reforms.

Project Number: 43300-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB s Countercyclical Support Facility has been instrumental in supporting countries receiving loans financed out of ordinary capital resources. However, at present, ADB has no modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund eligible countries. The special program loan in the Program Lending Policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries and can only used to address balance of payment crises. 21 Likewise, emergency assistance under the Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy (DEAP) does not include financial crisis response.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Te SSSDP failed to explicitly address a fundamental weakness in the social welfare system: the systematic exclusion of unregistered households. Efforts to overcome this flaw need to be accelerated.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Broad consultation, awareness raising, and development of skills of key state stakeholders during loan preparation would have enhanced program implementation and possibly reduced the delays in achieving loan effectiveness.

Project Number: 31382-012
Project Name: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB has no modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund countries. The special program loan in the Program Lending Policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries and can only used to address balance of payment crises. Likewise, emergency assistance under the Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy (DEAP) does not include financial crisis response. As such, the program had to use the standard program grant modality and develop the design of program actions to allow quick processing and disbursement.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving the impact of business incubation centers. The impact of the centers could be furthered by (i) providing start-up loans and performance-based support, (ii) providing better outreach to remote areas, and (iii) developing business incubation center packages that better target the livestock development needs of herders.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lending Modality: Having an appropriate modality is critical. ADB's Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy together with Achieving Development Effectiveness in Weakly Performing Countries provided a ready framework for Emergency Assistance for Post-Conflict Recovery (EAPCR).

Project Number: 42477-013
Project Name: Emergency Assistance for Post-Conflict Recovery
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's business procedures for processing crisis response programs should be streamlined and abbreviated, as in the case of the Countercyclical Support Facility (CSF). This allows for crisis responses to be timely and prevent further deterioration of the economy.

Project Number: 43300-013
Project Name: Countercyclical Support Loan
Report Date:
Lesson
Updating the social security sector strategy paper. The Social Security Sector Strategy Paper (SSSSP) was a major milestone and the document is still a valuable guide for the sector. There is a need to update it, and this should be a priority once key decisions have been made regarding the proposed consolidation and targeting of benefits.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and evaluation framework. The overall success of the program could have been greater had the design and monitoring framework (DMF) been better designed. The impact statement could have been closer to the outcome and assumptions about investor and consumer confidence more realistic. The impact statement could have focused on maintaining sustainable and inclusive public sector spending rather than to restore the Georgian economy to the pre-war trajectory of growth and social development.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Increasing roles for nongovernment organizations. The SSSDP brought civil society into social welfare provision for the first time in Mongolia. The role of nongovernment organizations (NGOs) can be expanded in the areas of monitoring of policy implementation, service, and advocacy for reforms.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical Assistance Support is Important for Crisis Programs. There was no technical assistance with the program. The absence made it difficult to monitor the outcome of the loan.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date: