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Lesson
Technical Assistance Support is Important for Crisis Programs. There was no technical assistance with the program. The absence made it difficult to monitor the outcome of the loan.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program should have a well-defined exit strategy. This program was designed for implementation over 3 years with specified medium-term targets. It successfully closed upon completing subprogram 3. Without an exit strategy, the program risks reform fatigue and may encourage lax compliance with policy reforms. Introducing the post-program partnership framework during subprogram 3 proved to be effective in ensuring the sustainability of key reforms.

Project Number: 40538-013, 40538-023, 40538-033
Project Name: Development Policy Support Program Cluster
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided lessons in allocating counterpart funds generated from program proceeds. Budget earmarking should only be considered if the government has adequate mechanisms to track expenditures. Otherwise, technical assistance is important to provide this capacity. Programs should also rethink strict budget earmarking. While placing strict conditions on how a government spends the funds seems desirable, implementation could be difficult when budget precision is low.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Livelihood support councils. As part of the reforms pioneered by the project, the government introduced livelihood support councils. The councils clearly have an important contribution to make and have the legal mandate to do so. However, there is uncertainty as to how effective they are nationally and what is the full range of their responsibilities. A national assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the councils is urgently needed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not have an adequate monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system. Analysis on gender and socioeconomic impacts are not available because of a lack of collection and disaggregation of data. The limited capacity of the M&E unit needs to be addressed if the impacts of future reform initiatives are to be properly assessed.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB business procedures. While program preparation was shorter than for typical program grants and loans, streamlined and abbreviated business procedures for processing crisis response programs could allow the response to be more timely.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Use of information, education, and communication. The SSSDP conducted an intensive information, education, and communication campaign to garner support among the public and politicians for the reforms. As Mongolia enters a new period of reform that may result in the introduction of a national PMT, it is vital that a new information, education, and communication campaign is put in place and sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation of civil works was delayed due to the time taken to reach government agreement on design, approval procedures, and project implementation unit (PIU) staffing. Early stakeholder and beneficiary involvement during project preparation is needed to ensure project quality and ownership that can minimize such delays.

Project Number: 31382-012
Project Name: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Program Monitoring to be Improved. The program monitoring system should be improved for similar programs in the future. The government s monitoring system did not capture and produce the required data on indicators performance. In particular, the executing agency collected the information from other government agencies (Ministry of Labor and Social Issues, Ministry of Finance,, government reports on anti-crisis measures progress, and other official statistics) to produce its own project completion report.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The focus of the EA and PSU was on implementation of the policy matrix. Considerably less importance was given to the loan covenants. The PSU indicated that it would have recruited local support groups if it had been a condition in the policy matrix; however, since it was not a tranche condition, the PSU did not feel compelled to comply. This was also the case with covenants related to social sector expenditures and conditional grants, which were key covenants for ensuring improved social sector performance.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
If necessary, triggers should be supported by technical assistance (TA), as were the subprogram 2 and 3 public financial management (PFM) triggers. During the review of subprogram 2 policy triggers, the government and ADB identified gaps in government budget execution, internal audit and controls, and reporting, acerbated by the underdevelopment of the government's computerized accounts system. The government asked ADB for longer-term integrated TA to strengthen its PFM framework.

Project Number: 40538-013, 40538-023, 40538-033
Project Name: Development Policy Support Program Cluster
Report Date:
Lesson
Since the crisis response operations support government's crisis mitigation measures, program monitoring could also benefit from technical assistance where country systems are weak, as in Tajikistan. The technical assistance could focus on expenditure tracking mechanisms, internal controls, and external audits; and be conducted in two stages. At the first stage, when monitoring capacity is still weak, experts could be engaged to monitor program-supported expenditures rather than relying on the government to submit monitoring reports.

Project Number: 43098-012
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Social welfare reform is a sensitive and protracted process. The Social Security Sector Development Program (SSSDP) pioneered new concepts and approaches at a critical time in the country s history, but the reforms it initiated are not complete. The progress made by the program in developing a new vision for social welfare was undermined by the introduction of universal benefits. New efforts at introducing proxy means test (PMT) under the Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project (FNSWPP), are attempting to help ensure that the reform agenda is sustained.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The State Social Insurance General Office (SSIGO) made considerable progress in improving its technical capacity under the project. It is likely that even greater progress would have been made had the office been given greater autonomy and more involvement in policy making.

Project Number: 33335-013, 33335-023
Project Name: Social Security Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Lending Modality: The crisis in Georgia, triggered largely by exogenous shocks, has underscored the need for a suitable modality that will enable ADB to provide quick support. While ADB has a program lending policy, there is no special modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund countries. The special program loan in the program lending policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries (OCR). ADB's Countercyclical Support Facility (CSF) helped disburse anti-crisis support quickly to OCR eligible countries.

Project Number: 42529-013, 42529-023
Project Name: Growth Recovery Support Program
Report Date: