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Lesson
Require expanded risk matrixes for all innovative projects. Considerable time, effort, and emphasis must be placed on the development and monitoring of the risk matrix for innovative projects. This applies particularly to risk identification and potential risk mitigation strategies. A range of alternative strategies should be developed in detail for every identified risk. The risk matrix and mitigation strategies for innovative projects should be discussed extensively by ADB and the government to ensure a common understanding and commitment.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Innovation needs champions. Effective champions are critical for the success of any new initiative. This is even more true for innovative projects, where strong commitment to the project on the part of both the government and ADB are critical to success. The failure to locate the DEMP within a government agency with strong ownership of the project was one of the factors that led ultimately to its failure.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Allocate significant resources for preparation of innovative projects. For innovative projects, significant resources are needed up front. This can include resources for assessing the feasibility of, and demand for, the project objectives and approaches for achieving them, as well as to lay the groundwork for ensuring their acceptability among different interest groups. Resistance to the innovations proposed cannot be overcome at the same time as project implementation is proceeding. The same applies to demand for the project outputs and outcomes.

Project Number: 33251-013
Project Name: Distance Education Modernization Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A combined program and project loan can work successfully together with careful management.The implementation of various reforms, such as performance-based school management, aschool-based assessment system, strengthened management information systems, andparticularly the decentralization of DSHE at all levels, requires intensive follow-up andsupervision by the MOE to maintain the positive gains made.

Project Number: 37307-013
Project Name: Secondary Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Prioritized policy actions in the sector-wide approach (SWAp) need to be supported by sound public financial management and supervision, under the decentralized education system. The education quality outcomes hardly improved and fiduciary risk remains substantial. Numerous policies and guidelines were revised at the central level and disseminated at the local level, but they were not enforced in the field due to weak capacity and local politics.

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design needs to strike a balance between strategic selection of key policy and a holistic approach. Transformation of the education system needs a wide range of reforms and while the ESP included broad policy actions, initial policy dialogue suffered from lack of depth to induce critical policy changes. Sequenced strategic priorities need to be identified through the guidance of the highest ministerial committee, such as the Education Policy Committee (EPC).

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date:
Lesson
Successful activities need to be institutionalized and scaled up. The effectiveness of upgrading 100 secondary schools is a good example that school-based management builds ownership and accountability, and increases the quality of schooling as a result. The need for more good quality secondary schools is urgent for the country. The success of school grants is another example of small pilot activities. Such intervention yielded great returns and it needs to be sustained in order to receive greater benefits in the long run.

Project Number: 39293-013
Project Name: Education for Knowledge Society Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition, a more systematic design would give more scope to the executing agency to develop synergies among outputs and to make systematic changes. For instance, the EKSP offered many ad-hoc teacher training courses through different project activities. But there was no systematic approach to integrate these activities into a comprehensive and structured professional development plan. The core issue that influences the quality of teaching in Sri Lanka is the lack of clear career progression paths with proper professional development opportunities for both teachers and principals.

Project Number: 39293-013
Project Name: Education for Knowledge Society Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for further scaling up of the Education Sector Development Program (ESDP) became clear. The Education for Knowledge Society Project (EKSP) upgraded 100 secondary schools and one post-secondary school among many. At the end of the project, there is a clear need to strengthen capacity in more secondary schools, which should be done using a program approach. Specifically, it is necessary to ensure that students in disadvantaged and rural areas have equitable access to quality secondary education, sufficient training is given to teachers, and the needed resources are provided.

Project Number: 39293-013
Project Name: Education for Knowledge Society Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity development requires coordinated institutional and funding mechanisms. The weak local enforcement can be addressed through a good mix of international best practice and contextual understanding. However, the program faced difficulties in the timely recruitment of experts using the country system. The Education Program Support Office (EPSO) partly addressed this issue but was eventually dissolved as a result of discontinued funding, and ad-hoc technical assistance (TA) from development partners increased transaction costs, which is against the spirit of the SWAp.

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date:
Lesson
The design monitoring framework would have better tracked improvements in the quality of LSE in the target regions if it had measured the impact of the inputs, rather than only the inputs. For example, instead of counting the number of ethnic minority upper secondary education (USE) graduates who received a scholarship, the indicator could have measured the number who received scholarships and who returned to their own communities to work, which was the project's original intention.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong government commitment and ownership are critical for successfully steering a demanding project design to effective service delivery. A large number of reforms (e.g., policy framework for teacher education, strengthening the National Institute of Education (NIE), teacher competencies, establishing monitoring and quality assurance systems, and improving textbook procurement policy) were possible only with strong commitment and ownership of the government and the executing agency.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Greater flexibility in design and adherence to targets might have enabled more discussion and better communication and decision making within an ambitious time frame, especially during the first year. The design and monitoring framework (DMF) could have been revised early on, reducing the pressure on the Ministry of Education, Sport, and Culture (MESC) and alleviating the sense that they were not achieving results.

Project Number: 34285-013
Project Name: Education Sector Project II
Report Date:
Lesson
Relevant project design. The project's target identification methodology was relevant and sophisticated. Prior to this project, ADB support to disadvantaged provinces covered all parts of 22 provinces (determined by the government), which was nearly a third of the country. In contrast, the targeted support of the project resulted in focused investment on the poorest groups.

Project Number: 36008-013
Project Name: Lower Secondary Education for the Most Disadvantaged Regions Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Solid project preparation based on comprehensive sector analysis and learning from previous operations is crucial for effective project design. The integrated and far-reaching project design of the Enhancing Education Quality Project (EEQP) was the result of the extensive stakeholder consultations and findings of the sector analysis undertaken as a part of the project preparatory technical assistance.

Project Number: 38559-022
Project Name: Enhancing Education Quality Project
Report Date: