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Lesson
Only priority sites should be surveyed at project design. Identifying a short list, not a long list, of priority sites before PPTA starts is good practice. Frequently, executing agencies in Papua New Guinea (PNG) do not identify priority sites or undertake preliminary analysis, citing their lack of preparatory budgets or skills. This does not foster ownership and passes on responsibility to consultants. In this case, PPTA consultants were asked to survey 12 provincial towns, out of which only 2 were ultimately developed.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In the case of unrecoverable delays, ADB should have considered reducing the project scope, closing the loan early, or suspending the loan until all conditions were met.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Previous performance of consultants should have been a major evaluation and selection criteria. Penalties for poor performance and failure should have been introduced in the consultancy contracts. A stricter approach should be adopted for replacing specialists.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring of production-related activities. A wide range of production activities were financed under the project new woodlots, the maintenance of old woodlots, clear-felling, and the replanting of mature plantations, for example. Detailed physical and financial information was not maintained at the individual enterprise level, however. This would have been best collected through regular stock assessments to estimate growth rates more clearly. The resulting information would have been valuable in two ways.

Project Number: 30215-013
Project Name: Forest Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The Government of Sindh (GOS) should have had greater ownership and commitment to the completion of activities. A project-based, decision making forum may have been an option to reduce processing delays.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A project modality may not be the best approach to a process issue such as fostering improvements in a public financial management system. A combination of technical assistance (TA) and program lending or a sector development program may have been a more appropriate approach in bringing about improvements. If a project modality is used, financing plans should reflect the nature of the project inputs being financed. Although the project mobilized almost $25 million in grant parallel cofinancing, many of the international consultants were financed from the loan.

Project Number: 30535-013
Project Name: Financial Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overly optimistic objectives and implementation scheduling should haven been avoided. A gradual, step-by-step approach consistent with local realities should have been adopted.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate project design undermines project implementation. Good project design is a basic requirement for project success, and inadequate design can prevent project success. In this case, design did not demonstrate adequate technical understanding of the availability of suitable water or the feasibility of its use for water supply and sanitation (WSS) projects in four of the six provincial towns.

Project Number: 31467-013
Project Name: Provincial Towns Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
An inappropriate and poorly performing consulting firm should have been replaced as soon as possible. Heavy reliance on a single group of consultants' for both components does not work.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Inappropriate monitoring and reporting risks noncompliance, suspension, or early closure. ADB should enforce regular monitoring of land acquisition, resettlement, and environmental impacts.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
More attention should have been paid to the executing agency's ability to implement the project. Inadequate capacity resulted in complex problems and incomplete outputs.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB project supervision and guidance should match a project's complexity and challenges, especially in response to projects at risk. Particularly for a technically complex and nuanced area such as public financial management, ADB project officers should have strong relevant technical backgrounds.

Project Number: 30535-013
Project Name: Financial Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A stepwise, flexible approach should have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in the policy and reform program and capacity building activities.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Women's Market Section (WMS). The project made an effort to include WMSs in all market developments to bring women more into the mainstream of the rural economy. However, women in some areas are conservative and not willing to run shops side-by-side with men. WMSs should only be included in market developments where project appraisal indicates that women are interested and available to participate in running the facilities; otherwise, the resources can be used elsewhere.

Project Number: 31304-013
Project Name: Rural Infrastructure Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The government's commitment to implement the institutional development, capacity building, and reforms program should have been carefully reviewed, discussed, and tied to funds release. A detailed implementation review and evaluation process must be conducted.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date: