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Lesson
The PPP model can help finance relatively large infrastructure projects that directly increase export and government revenue. This approach is particularly relevant in developing countries with weak private sector participation in infrastructure and which lack the capacity for commercial borrowing because of debt sustainability considerations. Some examples of countries in a similar situation are the Kyrgyz Republic, the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, Nepal, and Tajikistan where large hydropower potential can be developed to increase their power exports using the PPP model.

Project Number: 37399-013
Project Name: Green Power Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB staff need to be trained in economic analysis, specifically the identification, quantification, and valuation of economic benefits. This would improve the credibility of EIRR calculations.

Project Number: 39019-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environment Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project underperformance was partly due to a design shortcoming, including underestimation of costs.

Project Number: 38662-013
Project Name: Shanxi Integrated Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 46093-001, 46093-004
Project Name: Inclusive Growth through Improved Connectivity Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 42052-022
Project Name: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridor 3 (Dushanbe–Uzbekistan Border) Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 38662-023
Project Name: Henan Sustainable Agriculture and Productivity Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB had gained experience in Pakistan’s municipal services sector and these were recorded in past PCRs and country assistance program evaluations. Except for the successful Punjab Community Water Supply and Sanitation Project, available PCRs rated ADB’s interventions less than successful, including the recent experience with the Megacity Development Project in the Sindh province (footnote 28). Lessons from these experiences could have been applied to the design of this MFF.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Changing performance targets and due dates midstream is not warranted.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB needs to develop better techniques for forecasting traffic because the use of country-wide aggregates to forecast traffic on specific roads often leads to gross over-estimation.

Project Number: 41121-023, 41121-033, 41121-043, 41121-053
Project Name: MFF-CAREC Corridor 1 (Zhambyl Oblast Section) Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A lack of assessment and monitoring of contingent liabilities causing fiscal risk and limited coverage of public financial management affecting expenditure and fiscal consolidation was an additional risk identified for subprograms 2 and 3.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The DMF was reasonably well-designed and the performance indicators—with the exception of the initial program impact indicators—targets, and baseline data were precise and generally easily measurable. However, the PCR assessed the program against the DMF prepared for subprogram 3, which, like subprogram 2 had no indicators to measure impact, although these were included for subprogram 1.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuing TA support is required to ensure the sustainability of the program, especially to enhance domestic savings (output 3), and the increased mobilization of private resources focused on mobilizing private savings (output 4). Private savings through pensions and a more developed capital market will mobilize long-term finance. These reforms, however, are long-term in nature involving legislative changes and institutional strengthening.

Project Number: 48044-001, 48044-004, 48044-005
Project Name: Improving Domestic Resource Mobilization for Inclusive Growth Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding and managing PPP contracts involve a significant level of capacity for implementation agencies; and the private sector perceives political risks in the use of public lands as part of PPP contracting schemes.

Project Number: 37091-033
Project Name: Agribusiness Infrastructure Development Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
A more detailed assessment of private sector preferences for investment needs to be conducted at project design stages to reduce project implementation risks.

Project Number: 37091-033
Project Name: Agribusiness Infrastructure Development Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The provision of subsidies for private sector investments needs to be carefully assessed vis-a-vis other business-enabling factors.

Project Number: 37091-033
Project Name: Agribusiness Infrastructure Development Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date: