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Lesson
Private health providers can play an important role when developing a network of quality health services in rural and other underserved areas. The needs of private sector entities and small-scale health providers, however, are different. Easy access to credit by small-scale providers, in itself, is insufficient. Needs and constraints also should be addressed. This covers (i) technical support—referral networks, continuous training, and colleagues’ advice; and (ii) family support—access to schools for children, work opportunities for the spouse, safety, and other needs and constraints.

Project Number: 41664-013
Project Name: Credit for Better Health Care Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In addition to these identified lessons, this validation finds two additional lessons to improve project sustainability: undertake a more detailed financial evaluation of road maintenance funding to determine if financial resources are sufficient—with and without the tolling option, and

Project Number: 41121-043
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor I (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People's Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
the business plan of the operating and maintenance company should be better analyzed to determine the validity of toll revenue assumptions.

Project Number: 41121-043
Project Name: CAREC Transport Corridor I (Zhambyl Oblast Section) [Western Europe–Western People's Republic of China International Transit Corridor] Investment Program (Tranche 3)
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in sections outside the project scope in the same corridor can have big impacts on a project. The Kota bypass, which is in the middle of the Chittorgarh–Kota and the Kota–Baran sections, was not completed owing to the collapse of the bridge under construction at the time of IEM fielding. Although the bypass is not within the scope of the project, the delay of its completion affected the traffic on adjacent sections of the project.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Build–operate–transfer (BOT) schemes have large risks but can be successful in high-traffic sections. The BOT annuity concessionaire for the Orai-Baran section, with higher traffic than expected, represents a successful case. However, in many cases BOT schemes in India are not successful. BOT concessionaires need to take large risks as (i) lack of achievement of expected traffic volumes owing to external factors such as the unexpected opening of competitive roads and construction delay in adjacent sections, and (ii) delays in land acquisition.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consultation for land acquisition is difficult. In the project, two sections (0.5% of the project roads) are not yet completed owing to difficulty in acquiring the land. The NHAI recently adopted a policy that construction procurements will be started only when more than 80% of land acquisition is completed. However, even if this policy had been adopted in the project, the project still might not have resolved the issues it faced. Land acquisition is a difficult issue in India, and lack of careful consultation with landowners can lead to delays in the acquisition of land for roads.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Seamless transport across state boundaries is lacking. The east–west national highway corridor was improved significantly between Chittorgarh and Kanpur, and travel time was reduced. For example, the travel time from Shivpuri to Jhansi (100 km) decreased by 1 hour. However, trucks carrying goods must spend 1.5 hours at state border checkpoints to get tax and customs clearances to cross. The World Bank’s Logistic Performance Index, which ranks 160 countries every 2 years, ranked India 25th in 2016, up from 54th in 2014.

Project Number: 34420-013, 34420-023
Project Name: National Highway Corridor (Sector) I Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 35335-013
Project Name: National Highway Sector II Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investing in comprehensive, integrated sector packages with a focus on priority cities have a strong impact in achieving urban sector reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
An incremental, phased approach to implementing transformational reforms can help reduce political resistance and enhance the sustainability of reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective institutional arrangements are critically important to the successful implementation of urban reforms.

Project Number: 37220-023
Project Name: Sindh Cities Improvement Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate macroeconomic analysis and policy dialogue are essential to the sound formulation and quick mobilization of stakeholder support for an emergency economic response package under ADB's Countercylical Support Facility (CSF).

Project Number: 49083-001
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
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Lesson
Instead of internally negotiating for the CSF loan to exceed the $500 million cap for each member country, an additional parallel programmatic support should have been explored by the project team to facilitate the quick processing and release of emergency budget support to Kazakhstan.

Project Number: 49083-002
Project Name: Countercyclical Support
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough due diligence of the corporate governance and ownership of enterprises intending to participate in an ADB loan-financed agricultural investment is essential to ensuring the viability of the investment.

Project Number: 38662-025
Project Name: Henan Sustainable Agriculture and Productivity Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Careful consideration of the most suitable modality and implementation arrangements during the design stage boosts a project’s potential for success.

Project Number: 39019-013
Project Name: Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Environmental Improvement
Report Date: