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Lesson
The improvement of connectivity and access between rural and remote areas of the CHT, especially with the market centers, was crucial for development. The project directly and indirectly affected all aspects of rural life in the CHT. During the project completion review mission and earlier missions, villagers asked whether more livelihood projects would be provided in their area.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of the program demonstrated that consistent government support is critical to success. The effective implementation of the banking sector component is attributable to the National Bank of the Kyrgyz Republic's (NBKR) strong commitment and ownership of the proposed reforms. In contrast, the capital market component lacked a clear champion as a result of political developments. Therefore, despite intensive policy dialogue, and awareness and capacity-building efforts, the pace of reforms did not proceed as well as anticipated.

Project Number: 34172-013
Project Name: Banking Sector and Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Using numerical targets such as the tax revenue-to-gross domestic product (GDP) ratio as triggers, as initially done in subprogram 2, should be cautiously approached. Ambitious numerical targets that are not supported by a realistic reform timetable are likely to fail.

Project Number: 40538-013, 40538-023, 40538-033
Project Name: Development Policy Support Program Cluster
Report Date:
Lesson
Continued formal opportunities for dialogue on private sector development with policy makers and legislators after the second tranche had been released may have helped maintain the impetus for change in the enabling environment for private sector development. Such formal discussions with legislators may have improved their understanding of the constraints facing the sector and thereby facilitated earlier passage of key legislation.

Project Number: 31382-012
Project Name: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence critical before using new technology. The technical and economic viability of a new technology, such as the straw gasification technology in the project, must be examined carefully before its inclusion in a project. This is particularly important to poverty- focused projects as poor stakeholders would have less capacity in managing risks of project failure. The cancellation of type IV gasification plants at midterm review mission over the concerns about their technology immaturity and economic viability avoided project failure and was a sound decision.

Project Number: 33443-013
Project Name: Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Wastes Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of several community development subprojects owned by beneficiary groups was considered an issue during implementation. However, except for a few specific technical support requirements, the beneficiary groups assumed responsibility for activities such as the maintenance of small irrigation and power tiller schemes. Besides, several group members also gained access to micro-credit through the project. The Palli Karma Shahayak Foundation (PKSF) or other NGOs may further expand their microenterprise activities in the CHT after the project.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation of civil works was delayed due to the time taken to reach government agreement on design, approval procedures, and project implementation unit (PIU) staffing. Early stakeholder and beneficiary involvement during project preparation is needed to ensure project quality and ownership that can minimize such delays.

Project Number: 31382-012
Project Name: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was initiated and prepared in 1999-2000, only 2 years after the signing of the Peace Accord, ending 25 years of insurgency and instability. Many high-risk incidents during project implementation could therefore be expected. The executing and implementing agencies had just been established, and their institutional capacity to implement projects was still being developed and strengthened.

Project Number: 32467-013
Project Name: Chittagong Hill Tracts Rural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed payments to contractors adversely affect implementation. ADB and the government should work together to ensure timely disbursements.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A program cluster approach with prior expected actions enveloped by a medium-term framework with flexibility built into its design is an effective approach to supporting government reforms. It promotes continuous dialogue with the government on reforms and allows for program changes to effectively and efficiently respond to new or worsening risks to the economy and shifts in government policy priorities.

Project Number: 40538-013, 40538-023, 40538-033
Project Name: Development Policy Support Program Cluster
Report Date:
Lesson
Transforming state-owned enterprises and establishing an enabling environment for private sector foreign investment takes considerable time and ongoing support. Individual capacities, particularly in the executive and legislative branches of government, need to be assessed before an accurate judgement can be made of the time needed to prepare for loan effectiveness and then to implement reforms.

Project Number: 31382-012
Project Name: Private Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Detailed design engineers and supervision and implementation consultants should be recruited in advance of project approval, to increase project readiness. The project implementation schedule should be realistic.

Project Number: 34234-013
Project Name: Rural Area Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Training crucial to sustainability. A well-designed, well-executed capacity development program assures that a project will be sustainable and can be replicated. The sound planning of this project's training programs was one of the keys to its success. The training combined courses on biogas systems and agricultural production, giving farmers an opportunity to use new technology, knowledge, and ideas to improve their incomes and living standards. It was also broad and flexible, allowing the family members who are often the final users of the biogas to take part.

Project Number: 33443-013
Project Name: Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Wastes Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The process of translating drafts of the Law on the Securities Market from English into Russian and back into English affected its readability in English. Achieving a reasonable and consistent standard of translation into both Russian and English remained a problem. Once the final version of the draft law has been adopted, it would be desirable if an official English translation could be produced for the benefit of ADB, foreign investors, and other interested parties.

Project Number: 34172-013
Project Name: Banking Sector and Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Simplify grant disbursement arrangements. The flow of Global Environment Facility (GEF) funds was slow and tedious and delayed implementation. This was due partly to the lack of an imprest account in the provinces. These disbursements arrangements need to be simple. The government has drawn lessons from the project and has now agreed to the establishment of imprest accounts in provincial departments of finance to receive grant funds directly from ADB.

Project Number: 33443-013
Project Name: Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Wastes Project
Report Date: