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Lesson
The ability of NGOs and the private sector to make a real contribution to extension services depend on their technical and institutional capacity, and this should be taken into account as a basis for selection. Such a lesson implies that other factors were used as the basis for selection. It also stipulated a requirement for orientation of these organizations, implying that this was not done. This introduces concern as to how successful NGOs and private sector providers actually were.

Project Number: 30228-013
Project Name: Crop Diversification Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Bidding of expressway civil works took place in early 2002 and the government approved the detailed design in mid-2002. Thus, among other factors, bidding which was not based on detailed design resulted in some significant variations for large structures with complicated geotechnical situations. Based on this experience and similar experience in other road projects, it would be appropriate to conduct in-depth detailed geotechnical investigations before finalizing bidding documents.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The impacts of land acquisition and resettlement were not well estimated in the resettlement plan, which led to a 30% increase in the amount of land acquisition and a 187% increase in house demolition area. This was mainly due to impacts induced by connection roads and service stations, as well as temporary buildings that had not been included in the resettlement plan. The project was processed in early 2000, but updating the resettlement plan has since been made a standard requirement stipulated in loan covenants.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The inclusion of 70 additional local roads for improvement was proposed and approved during the later stages of the original project implementation. Local road improvement has produced very positive impacts. However, it led to loan extensions of about 3 years. An integrated approach to combining improvement of local roads and the project expressway during project processing would ensure a more effective and efficient outcome.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the project preparation stage, it was anticipated that the project expressway would generate significant local socioeconomic development impacts. The expressway served not only as an important section of the transport corridor, but also as a vital link between Weinan and Xi'an and other neighboring regions. With growing traffic volume, it was observed that toll collection capacities at some exits were limited, which periodically caused long queues.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The cost estimate of the toll system was overestimated at appraisal, and the actual cost was about one-third the appraisal estimate. The main reasons for this difference include (i) the network-based toll system arrangement resulted in cancellation of unnecessary equipment; and (ii) the cost estimate was made in 2000 and procurement was conducted in 2004, during which time the availability of more advanced information technologies contributed to a lower and more competitive actual cost.

Project Number: 30424-013
Project Name: Shaanxi Roads Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Cross-ministerial implementation of projects brings complications beyond just day-to-day technical issues. Experience shows this to have been the case with other projects. The Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project (TSEMP) experienced many delays caused by having to obtaining agreement and approval across departments.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project can point to the setting up of community fisheries organizations (CFOs) and the empowerment of local communities as huge successes in the short and medium term. However, in the long term, the CFOs may come under considerable pressure from outside interests without technical and moral support from the Fisheries Administration (FiA) provincial teams in the field.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Overall, the project outcome appears successful. However, an important opportunity was missed. The project did not establish a recognized baseline with pre- and post-project comparisons to demonstrate to ADB, the government, and key stakeholders the natural resource management, environmental, community, and economic benefits. It would have been possible to provide well-documented evidence that the project had achieved its primary goal.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Alternative livelihood programs, while functioning satisfactorily, were focused on individual households, with little built-in capacity for extension. Small-scale livelihood activities must be appropriate to the situation. TSEMP has shown that the most successful small-scale activities are those that people themselves can sustain, given their income, time, and material constraints. Training is a necessary part of livelihood work, particularly if the participants have no previous experience.

Project Number: 33418-013
Project Name: Tonle Sap Environmental Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 32189-013
Project Name: Coastal Fisheries Management and Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 29229-013
Project Name: Microfinance Sector Development Program (Program Loan)
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 29229-023
Project Name: Microfinance Sector Development Program (Investment Loan)
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 35068-013
Project Name: Gujarat Earthquake Rehabilitation and Reconstruction Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34337-013
Project Name: Sindh Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date: