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Lesson
Unforeseeable changes in the regulatory framework introduced after project approval can result in changes in project design and scope. In this case, it prompted lengthy discussions that ended up with the cancellation of one output. The experience needs to be considered for projects that plan to address complex issues with multisectoral involvement in countries like Mongolia that are still transitioning and frequently introduce changes in the existing regulations.

Project Number: 45009-002
Project Name: Fifth Health Sector Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The crisis amplified the adverse, preexisting, and self-reinforcing relationship between public health and economic outcomes. This relationship should remain at the forefront of ADB’s engagement with Indonesia. COVID-19 takes a higher toll on individuals who suffer from stunting—a disease that is prevalent in Indonesia and closely associated with poverty.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Indonesia needs better interoperability among the tiers of its government. In relation to public health, the effectiveness of the government’s initial response to the pandemic was limited by conflicting approaches. The lack of coordination within government; as evidenced particularly by conflicting public messages around social distancing especially in the early stages of the pandemic. These coordination issues were more apparent in the vertical relations between tiers of government than at inter-ministerial levels.

Project Number: 54139-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out project communications plan, backed by local capacity building, is needed for the successful implementation of projects in FSM. Information is often not widely shared in the FSM, and securing support for reforms can be particularly complex in this context. The Chuuk Public Utilities Corporation was able to effectively carry out its communications and outreach activities and secure support for reforms with the help of a well-defined operation, maintenance, and management contract. Project delays affected the momentum of activities in the other three states.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The risks posed by conditions for loan effectiveness and disbursements should be carefully assessed and considered in the project timeline. Project implementation was delayed by about 18 months as the conditions for loan effectiveness required the passage of appropriation bills in the National Congress and at least three of four state legislatures. Such projects can provide the required pressure for positive legal changes but can lead to startup delays.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A narrow sector and geographic focus is more suitable for projects in the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM). In FSM, multistate and multisector projects bring added complexity and interdependence between institutions that do not otherwise have incentives to support each other. Future projects should consider a narrower focus in terms of sector and geographic scope, allowing for less dispersed efforts on physical and nonphysical project targets. This approach has been adopted for the ongoing Chuuk Water Supply and Sanitation Project.

Project Number: 35448-013
Project Name: Omnibus Infrastructure Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program has helped strengthen ADB’s role as a trusted partner and created a positive experience for the government to strengthen its relations with development partners. The loan provided international funds that have helped address the government’s objective to reduce borrowing in the domestic market and have helped ensure liquidity in Thailand’s private sector. The program’s accompanying technical assistance provided the government with value-added policy dialogue and technical assistance to help address the government’s knowledge needs as they evolved through the crisis.

Project Number: 54177-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A holistic approach, which can lead to overambitious scope and targets, needs to be carefully weighed during the project design stage. This program and its numerous outputs adopted a holistic approach, which might now seem overly ambitious, particularly for the first urban transport undertaking in Ulaanbaatar. A phased approach could have been considered to focus resources on clearly identified priorities and to develop capacity.

Project Number: 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program Imultitranche Financing Facility and Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Avoid assuming policy changes when setting targets in a crisis. The program design assumed that coordination of all government-subsidized employment would be transferred to the employment service centers established in each local government under the Prime Minister Employment Program (PMEP). Because of the impact of the crisis, this transfer did not happen and the PMEP was unable to achieve the target. A target set during a crisis should not assume a policy change.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Quick and flexible budget support is essential during times of crisis. The timely availability of the ADB CPRO support greatly contributed to mitigating the impact of the pandemic, particularly for low-income countries and countries in vulnerable situations. Availability of such an instrument is highly relevant for a country in times of crisis.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Integrating the local capacity and existing fishing practices in project design helps in improving the efficacy of project components and approaches. Local fishermen in the Northern Province are not well equipped to take full advantage of large infrastructure such as a fishery harbor. Their boats and gears do not allow for the type of large-scale multiday fishing operation that is to benefit from the harbor. Landing sites and anchorages are better suited to their immediate operation needs.

Project Number: 49325-003
Project Name: Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing an multitranche financing facility program, it is important to formulate tranche-specific design and monitoring frameworks that are logical and have sound links of outcome and outputs in line with the SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and timely) principle. These indicators need to work in concert to reflect the appropriateness and continuum of the results chain leading up to the high-level development impacts that are most relevant to the scope and focus of that specific tranche.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program (Tranche 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Limited baseline data could lead to unrealistic performance Indicators and targets. Because this was ADB’s first TVET grant project in Timor-Leste, which introduced a new area of formalized skills development, baseline data for the targets were limited. This led to some unrealistic performance Indicators and targets. For example, the number of students and trainers to be trained appeared to be modest, whereas the target of 65% of graduates to find employment within 3 months of graduation was overambitious.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The objectives and implementation period for sector reform projects need to be well-aligned with the government’s long-term vision and carefully consider existing capacities. This project's overall objective was ambitious as sector reforms require long-term and sustainable interventions, adequate resources, and sufficient time. Increasing student enrollment and rural higher education institutions offering distance education programs were not achievable through a single project intervention.

Project Number: 43007-023
Project Name: Higher Education Reform Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO experience highlighted three main lessons. First, it confirmed Mongolia's solid precrisis record in structural reforms and macroeconomics, which put the country in a strong position to effectively respond to the multifarious impact of the pandemic. Second, the fast approval of the CPRO policy and lending modality enabled ADB to provide critical emergency support to eligible client countries in times of exceptional need, clearly showcasing the importance of institutional

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date: