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Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The frequent change in administration also affected the filing of the key project documentation, resulting in some of the files remaining in headquarters and others in the resident mission.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
More confusing were the frequent changes in the ADB administration of the project. During the project's 3.5-year life span, the administration moved from the South Asia Department to the Central and West Asia Department, and from the Social Sector Division via the Governance and Finance Division to the Pakistan Resident Mission. This was detrimental to the continuity of interaction with the KPK government.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the main strengths of the project was the continued presence of the same project management in the project management unit (PMU), who were selected and appointed on a competitive basis.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation efficiency of the program was constrained by the late recruitment of the Technical Assistance Management Agency (TAMA), and the lack of recruitment of local support groups. The TAMA was meant to mobilize about 4,000 person-months of consulting services. The local support groups were expected to be mobilized in each district for 3 years to enhance capacity. For the majority of program implementation, these tasks became the responsibility of ADB and the program support unit (PSU), albeit with insufficient resources, which negatively affected implementation efficiency.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays in the establishment of a credit information bureau was also partly a failure of analysis. Costs were underestimated and the problems were not fully understood. Founding a CIB in Bhutan is not only a problem of coordination among the lending institutions. The challenge is more fundamental, with the essential problem being the poor data systems and practices of the lending institutions. Substantive analysis at the design stage of the FSIF would probably have identified this issue and allowed ADB and RGoB to address it earlier.

Project Number: 29243/29243-01/31909
Project Name: Financial Sector Intermediation Facility and Equity Investment in Bhutan National Bank
Report Date:
Lesson
Insufficient analytical underpinnings led to formal rather than substantive compliance with tranche release conditions. Joint undertakings with other donors and RGoB might have strengthened the substantive analysis of policies and the robustness of the dialogue with RGoB. 60 For example, requiring that RGoB formulate an FDI policy, without engaging substantively on the substance of that policy, was not useful. A policy was written and adopted, but a new attempt was being made to formulate a workable policy in 2009.

Project Number: 29243/29243-01/31908
Project Name: Financial Sector Intermediation Facility and Equity Investment in Bhutan National Bank
Report Date:
Lesson
Mobilize local leaders. Local leaders and or champions need to be identified to initiate local health care reform initiatives and the financial sustainability of activities. The project demonstrated that local regulations to support health sector reform and ensure sustainability are possible through large-scale socialization and advocacy.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Management skills have to be improved. Training largely focused on technical matters rather than improving management skills. In strengthening decentralization of health services there is a need to focus on health management training and monitoring and evaluation of health staff.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity building has to be linked to incentive structures. Investment in training has to be linked to incentive schemes (financed by local governments) to ensure staff retention, especially in remote areas. The project showed that several local governments initiated incentive schemes for medical doctors and midwives.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date:
Lesson
Assess and evaluate human resource development needs. Training needs assessment and post-evaluation of training courses need to be included to assess adequacy, quality and training impact.

Project Number: 34007-012
Project Name: Decentralized Health Services I
Report Date: