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Lesson
The government’s commitment and ability to implement the institutional development and capacity development (particularly in procurement, loan and contract administration, disbursement processes, monitoring and evaluation mechanisms, periodic reporting, and social and environmental safeguards) could have been carefully reviewed. A flexible approach could have been adopted with adequate supervision support for sector specialists in capacity development activities. Discussions at the technical level should have led to higherlevel discussion as the proposed reforms were far-reaching.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The purpose of program lending—which is to support structural reforms and achieve development results—should not be compromised by balance-of-payments or budget considerations. This would have meant allowing a longer program period for the required depth of reforms. ADB could have envisaged that sector reforms require a longer implementation period and should have focused on a smaller number of specified reform issues.

Project Number: 32058-023
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program (Policy Loan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Consider realistic timelines for project implementation, taking into account that institutional and policy components typically take longer to complete than the physical components.

Project Number: 32058-033
Project Name: Punjab Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project-specific benefit monitoring data need to be available to ensure project effectiveness through the evaluation of project performance. Total reliance on secondary data is not adequate.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed completion of preconstruction activities and advance action caused delays to all subsequent activities. ADB could have satisfied itself about project readiness in the key areas of detailed design, safeguards, procurement, and establishment of the project implementation unit.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Rigorous and fast-paced monitoring and evaluation, which is well suited to the implementation arrangements, is critical in urgently needed and large programs like this one, hence, it needs emphasis in the design of such programs.

Project Number: 40563-013
Project Name: Earthquake-Displaced People Livelihood Restoration Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Limit such a program to fewer but better justified components.

Project Number: 32058-033
Project Name: Punjab Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project monitoring should be close enough to identify if key project design assumptions are being put at risk (such as when the LGRDD, through the PCO, became the executing agency of the project), and if consequent shifts in project direction are likely (such as when PCO management was taken over by staff members deputed from the Housing, Urban Development and Public Health Engineering Department and focus was shifted toward infrastructure investments), and to avoid the shift in direction unless all parties agree to it.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The overall time allowed for implementation of the investment and reform programs was inadequate for developing knowledge and understanding, processes, procedures, and the project implementation framework. Unrealistic work schedules, poor procurement planning, insufficient implementation details, and loose monitoring targets prolonged implementation. A well-qualified and experienced project team leader and consultants’ familiarity with ADB processes are essential to implement an ADB-financed project.

Project Number: 32058-013
Project Name: Road Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical assistance can be better targeted and made more efficient if support needed during implementation at different stages and levels can be identified upfront. A program administration memorandum would have been useful.

Project Number: 36155-013
Project Name: Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure thorough diagnostics of the institutional and policy environment before embarking on a complex reform program.

Project Number: 32058-033
Project Name: Punjab Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Although one of the key features of project design was that urban projects need an integrated approach and infrastructure alone cannot result in improved services, unless capacities, resources, and systems are in place to sustainably deliver these services—the project design failed to ensure that all project stakeholders shared this view and were committed to it. Stakeholder analysis and ways to ensure the commitment of stakeholders to project design initiatives is thus recommended.

Project Number: 23213-013
Project Name: Southern Punjab Basic Urban Services Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Define criteria for the closure of incomplete projects.

Project Number: 32058-033
Project Name: Punjab Road Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Complex projects such as this require consistent and close follow-up and coordination among the involved government agencies and departments and offices within ADB. It would be more catalytic and demonstrational if the setting up of policies, systems, and procedures were accompanied by the development of pilot projects especially in local government.

Project Number: 36155-013
Project Name: Private Participation in Infrastructure Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure robust cost estimation and due diligence during project design, taking into account realistic base costs and adequate price escalation factors. (

Project Number: 32058-033
Project Name: Punjab Road Development Sector Project
Report Date: