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Lesson
The need for start-up TA to set the stage for effective project implementation as part of the loan covenant, establish the PCUs and/or PIUs, and ensure that a realistic implementation arrangement is put in place, even if it means revising the project implementation design, drafting a management operation manual, assisting in the opening of imprest accounts, training project staff on ADB procurement and disbursement procedures and reporting requirements, and initiating the preparation of procurement and disbursement documents;

Project Number: 30210-013
Project Name: Reproductive Health Project [Loan 1900(SF)-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for more frequent review missions, probably with an appropriate consultant/advisor on board, in the early years of implementation and for as long as project implementation is deemed off track; and

Project Number: 30210-013
Project Name: Reproductive Health Project [Loan 1900(SF)-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
The lack of success in restructuring SME Bank also reconfirms lessons identified by IED and other development partners with regard to state bank restructuring, including labor retrenchment and incentive issues, as well as the difficulties associated with privatization such as determining an acceptable sale price and finding reputable strategic investors for a bank with an SME focus. On the positive side, the 7 ADB. 2006. Guidelines for Preparing Performance Evaluation Reports for Public Sector Operations. Manila.

Project Number: 34327-013, 34327-023
Project Name: Small and Medium Enterprise Sector Development Program [Loan 2066-2067- PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
The project did not provide market-based salaries. Good staff was therefore hard to retain and turnover was high. This was a major reason for project failure. The overall cost implications of paying professional managers market-based salaries are marginal, especially when the substantial impact of weak capacities on project output and outcomes is considered, as this project demonstrated.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
To simplify the administration and financing of various subprojects, component-based financing is suggested for area-based rural development projects in which subcomponents will be financed by one financier only, together with government counterpart funding, instead of jointly by all financing sources.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation efficiency of the program was constrained by the late recruitment of the Technical Assistance Management Agency (TAMA), and the lack of recruitment of local support groups. The TAMA was meant to mobilize about 4,000 person-months of consulting services. The local support groups were expected to be mobilized in each district for 3 years to enhance capacity. For the majority of program implementation, these tasks became the responsibility of ADB and the program support unit (PSU), albeit with insufficient resources, which negatively affected implementation efficiency.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Inadequate review by ADB of the government project documents (PC-Is) and inconsistencies between the PC-Is and the report and recommendation of the President are perennial problems that result in slowing down the pace of project implementation.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
Lessons from previous projects. Lessons from two older ADB urban sector loan projects to Karachi in 1986 and 1991, respectively, which were rated unsuccessful and partly successful, include the need for (i) greater attention to sustainability, (ii) enhanced project design based on sound assessments, (iii) careful consideration for institutional shortcomings of executing and implementing agencies, and (iv) greater efforts to address the financial insolvency problems of the Karachi local government bodies.

Project Number: 38405-013
Project Name: Mega City Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There was a 3-year gap between the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) evaluations (in the last quarter of 1999) and the start (effectiveness) of the project (in the last quarter of 2002). Most structural and financial management plans, base maps, and priority subprojects therefore had to be reappraised at the start of the project, further delaying the project and straining limited capacity. To keep evaluations and project designs relevant, the time between project preparation and start up should not exceed 1 year.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Feeder roads, large drinking water supply, and surface water diversion schemes cannot be classified under the umbrella of participatory small-scale infrastructure, as these schemes require specialized technical skills and high operation and maintenance costs. In the future, these should be classified as government-managed medium-scale infrastructure subprojects.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Before a complex and innovative project is designed, particularly in a relatively less- developed region such as the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) province, it is necessary to have thorough consultation with stakeholders directly involved with the technical education and vocational training (TEVT) system to develop realistic activities.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The risk assessment of political resistance to devolution was not sufficiently robust, and mitigating measures were not realistic. The design should have been revised to address political resistance to implementation of the Punjab Local Government Ordinance 2001 (PLGO). Failure to do so undermined program implementation. Another significant design flaw was the multi-sector and ambitious scope of the program. This observation was also raised by the executing agency (EA) during the program completion review mission.

Project Number: 32264-013
Project Name: Punjab Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
During the inception mission, the KPK government requested a reallocation of loan proceeds in line with what was agreed to during loan negotiations. The requested reallocation required a major change in scope, which was proposed to take place during the midterm review mission, scheduled for the third year of project implementation. The midterm review mission does not necessarily need to come in the middle of the project period; it can be scheduled early on, for instance in the first year of project implementation, if it would help to get the project going after a slow start.

Project Number: 38178-013
Project Name: Restructuring of the Technical Education and Vocational Training System Project (North-West Frontier Province)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project design was based on the assessment of seven sample TMAs and assumptions related to support for LGO 2001 from other sources to address capacity issues. The basis of the capacity assessment was seriously compromised during implementation. The project design did not have enough flexibility and depth to fill these capacity gaps, which would have required major changes in institutional arrangements and additional funding, a possibility that was avoided during implementation.

Project Number: 27182-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Urban Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of nongovernment agencies (NGOs) at appraisal would have ensured timely implementation of the project. Given the community mobilization as a prerequisite for all interventions, and the problem of political interference in selection of NGOs through competitive bidding, single-source selection at appraisal should be preferred.

Project Number: 29586-013
Project Name: North-West Frontier Province Barani Area Development Project
Report Date: