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Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough funds disbursement analysis should have been conducted during project implementation to determinesufficiency or insufficiency of funds from all sources to finance all project components. While the actual cost for theproject civil works sections increased by 50%, the project still ended with unutilized loan proceeds of $9.65 million (Loan 2205) and $1.40 million (Loan 2206 [Special Funds]). These were more than sufficient to continue implementing the local roads component estimated to cost $3.8 million, of which $3.0 million was to be funded from the loan.

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East–West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 35087-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Realistic estimation of project and contract duration is important. Inclement weather seriously hampered physical progress in project implementation, especially from August 2011 to February 2012. The contractor had difficulty coping with it, which significantly delayed the completion of works. A more realistic timeframe for implementing a road project should be formulated allowing for unpredictable local weather conditions and other contingencies so that resources can be deployed effectively and efficiently.

Project Number: 39176-033
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
More robust due diligence is needed during project design and formulation to enable the closest possible cost estimates and to set aside enough resources to cover contingencies. This can save considerable time. The scope of the ADB-financed East-West Highway Improvement Project, approved in 2005, included two sections of the east-west highway

Project Number: 39176-033
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project experienced start-up delays, because the contractor mobilized slowly and was unable to tie up with suitable local subcontractors. The contractor was also unfamiliar with conditions in the country at the start, which caused implementation delays. The subcontractors contributed significantly, and without them it would have been difficult for the contractor to successfully complete the project.

Project Number: 39176-033
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The project constructed a two-lane road. Subsequent to the start of the project, the government decided to widen the road to four lanes by constructing another two-lane road alongside the project road. The widening works are scheduled for completion by December 2013. The ADB-financed two-lane road was completed in December 2012.

Project Number: 39176-033
Project Name: Road Network Development Program (Project 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Use conservative cost estimates and ensure sufficient funding. The funding allocation should be sufficient to cover project costs; if it is not, the project scope should be reduced or the funding allocation increased with no delay during implementation.

Project Number: 35087-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding the sector environment in new member countries is important. When engaging in a new sector or country, understanding the key sector participants and their agendas, as well as developments in the sector is important. This will improve the project design and increase the likelihood that the project will have strong government support.

Project Number: 35087-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure the government understands the proposed project. Ensure that government agencies fully review and understand proposed projects. Reconfirmation with all relevant agencies is critical.

Project Number: 35087-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Use phased reform programs. Radical reform programs, especially if they carry political risks, are likely to result in government resistance, unless the government strongly supports the concept. A phased long-term reform program is more likely to gain government support, especially if each stage is aligned with government objectives.

Project Number: 35087-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was cofinanced by several external aid agencies. This modality proved to be suitable for financing the rapid development of the road subsector. In future road projects financed by multiple aid agencies, the Azer Road Service Open Joint-Stock Company (ARS) needs to strengthen its project management capacity in the aspects of financial accounts, project scheduling, and quality control.

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East-West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The contractor for the Gazakh-Georgian border section was perhaps not familiar with the country's situation at the start, and this caused mobilization delays and difficulty in finding suitable local subcontractors. In future road projects, the Ministry of Transport (MOT) needs to provide bidders with adequate local information at pre-bidding meetings, and publish information on the cost of locally available inputs (materials, equipment, and labor) on its website to allow bidders to submit sensible bids.

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East-West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Azerbaijan experienced sharp increases in the prices of fuel, utilities, and major road construction materials between project appraisal and detailed design. These led to significant changes in the project scope and financing plan. In future road projects, greater due-diligence needs to be undertaken during project design and formulation, which includes carrying out adequate cost estimations, setting aside enough resources to cover contingencies, and shortening the interval between appraisal and implementation.

Project Number: 35457-013
Project Name: East-West Highway Improvement Project
Report Date: