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Lesson
Construction of sewerage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was substantially delayed due to delays in land acquisition, preparation of a detailed design, and a change of site location. In order to avoid any unnecessary delay in the implementation of the project, sufficient attention should be paid to land acquisition in project preparation, and the land should be made available for the project prior to mobilization of the design consultant.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For effective gender mainstreaming and achievements, gender action plans should be prepared and agreed on by all agencies involved in project implementation. Sufficient financial and technical resources should be allocated for implementation of the gender action plan.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Enhance transparency for effective oversight. The government-established ERRA Council, headed by the prime minister, consists of independent and reputable individuals from civil society in the affected regions. The council followed the reconstruction process and reviewed and reported regularly to the general public on its progress and outcomes, developing a sense of ownership. Independent oversight, involving representatives of civil society disseminating information to key constituents, promoted transparency and enhanced the credibility of the host government.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should focus on a small number of physically integrated components to simplify project administration and optimize intersector linkages.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project was somewhat overambitious in setting the timelines for achieving the reforms. The government was fully committed to the reforms, but progress depended on the progress of other projects. In this project, two loan covenants were partly complied with at the project completion due their complexity. If reforms are significant, it is useful to consider a phased approach, so that interim achievements can be captured within the project timeframe.

Project Number: 36509-013
Project Name: Woman and Child Health Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A complex financing plan causes difficulties in consolidation of expenditures and slow submission of withdrawal applications.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Articulate policies, strategy, and standards early. The local populations and nongovernment organizations (NGOs) started reconstruction work well before provincial and federal governments started articulating their responses. Expectations rose, and some facilities, especially in health, were built by bilateral donors to standards that were much higher than the capacity of the line agencies to maintain them. This resulted in inconsistencies, violations of policies and standards developed for reconstruction work, and unsustainable operation of completed facilities.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Along with consultations related to subproject design and scope, consultation with project towns on cost recovery, tariffs, and user charges is crucial for sustainability.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project illustrates the importance of (i) strong commitment by the government, (ii) close collaboration among development partners, and (iii) prompt response to changing client needs during implementation. The leadership provided by MOH and the project coordinator was a key to the project's achievements. The project was not a stand-alone WCH project, but a part of broader health sector reforms.

Project Number: 36509-013
Project Name: Woman and Child Health Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of community attitudes to infrastructure, such as WWTP, should be better assessed at appraisal. For example, a participatory process to identify a feasible WWTP site would have prevented significant delays in the finalization of design and construction.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Clarify roles and respect existing mandates. Initial delays in implementation of the project were caused by confusion about the roles of new and existing institutions. Any large- scale reconstruction operation requires clear delineation of the mandates of levels of government, to provide the structure and clarity required for all stakeholders to work with maximum efficiency. To the extent possible, the provincial and regional governments and federal agencies should be provided with capacity to perform their mandated roles.

Project Number: 39631-013
Project Name: Earthquake Emergency Assistance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Entities intended to manage operation and maintenance (O&M) for infrastructure should be established early in the project cycle, and staff trained throughout the implementation period, rather than at the very end. For operational sustainability, a long-term O&M contract could be incorporated into the construction contract for institutions having weak capacity and staff strength.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The central project management unit and provincial project management units have monitored financial flows and activity progress as part of routine quarterly reporting. Limited attention was paid to project outcomes in the project framework; outcomes were not changed during the project. Similarly, measurement of the outcomes of the training programs appears to have been limited. Given ADB's results-based approach to Project Management, both the Ministry of Health and ADB should have given a greater focus to monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 37115-013
Project Name: Health Care in the Central Highlands Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Investment in civil works and equipment has recurrent budget implications. Monitoring of whether provinces are allocating greater resources to recurrent budgets is difficult as financial tracking is complicated in a devolved financial management system. User fees may help support the ongoing expenditure support for buildings and equipment in the curative sector, but the preventive system has limited capacity to mobilize resources outside of the state budget.

Project Number: 37115-013
Project Name: Health Care in the Central Highlands Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The considerable delays in implementation were due to complicated procurement regulations of both ADB and the government. These delays and price inflation resulted in the quality of civil works being compromised in some locations and some facilities deviating from the design. Delays in equipment procurement led to the purchase of inappropriate and out-dated equipment. Limited district administrative capacity resulted in delays in imprest accounts being replenished, which constrained progress.

Project Number: 37115-013
Project Name: Health Care in the Central Highlands Project
Report Date: