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Lesson
Potential problems with funding the maintenance of completed subprojects and/or facilities arise when they highly rely on government budgetary allocations that may or may not materialize in the short- and medium-terms. This can lead to poor periodic maintenance, especially for road routine maintenance. In future projects, consideration could be given to performance-based road maintenance contracts where a period of maintenance is included (e.g., 5 years after completion) in the contracts.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With the project's investment in improving wastewater treatment, solid waste management and recycling, an opportunity arose to establish and impose full cost recovery tariffs and charges for these activities. Appropriate tariff studies could have been undertaken and with recommendations for replication in other towns.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The requirement for counterpart funding to finance land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) should be clearly communicated to government counterparts during project preparation. Due to delayed and inadequate counterpart funds, particularly to support LAR, works were begun in several subprojects even before compensation payments were completed. This comprised noncompliance to ADB safeguards and caused the suspension of works in pertinent subprojects.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects at completion should ensure that there is clarity of mandates, responsibilities, and performance targets among institutions involved in the operation and maintenance (O&M) of project assets to minimize the risks to the sustainability of project benefits. The project supported the provincial government in clarifying the roles and responsibilities of the different government agencies and the private sector in O&M of the project sub-outputs.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Appropriate contract packaging, stakeholder involvement in project preparation, and reliable cost estimates are of particular importance to successful project implementation. This project encountered several weaknesses in design and preparation that made implementation challenging.

Project Number: 43319-022
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion East-West Economic Corridor Towns Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Measurable targets in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) for projects that are expected to have a demonstration effect should be identified to track and measure the investment’s influence.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Immediately prior to project approval, a final assessment of the project environment can help identify potential changes or revisions affecting the implementation of subprojects and their components. While scope changes may be unavoidable, the challenge is to proactively identify areas of concern where project circumstances may have already substantially changed prior to implementation affecting coverage of subprojects or components. For example, the higher performance standards brought in after approval for the wastewater treatment plant impacted its financial sustainability.

Project Number: 43054-013
Project Name: Hai River Estuary Area Pollution Control and Ecosystem Rehabilitation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Gaining ownership from stakeholders and partners is paramount to the success of a project vis-à-vis its long-term sustainability, mitigating effectiveness risk bottlenecks, and avoiding otherwise foreseeable delays. The project had multiple benefits for stakeholders who were previously unserved by basic urban services. It improved urban environment indicators in municipalities and contributed to ADB’s 2030 operational strategies but was delayed nearly 2 years for various foreseeable technical

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The delays in this project showed that national and subnational governments must exert more effort to include a broad and diverse range of stakeholders from the initial project design to implementation for it to be successful. Further investigation or interviews may be necessary to ascertain where the lapses were in establishing fuller community support.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is critical to embed targeted and specified stakeholder risk analysis and risk mitigation measures into the planning of complex, community-driven, and local government-implemented infrastructure investments, especially for multi-dimensional and cross-sector urban development projects. One of the critical project lessons learned is that, although the project’s governance risk assessment and management plan foresaw the cost and time overrun owing to disbursement and

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Financial management staff’s inclusion in review missions will be key to ensuring improved financial performance of future projects. Neither the ADB project team nor PCO could decipher financial management requirements and covenant quantifications due to the absence of financial management staff in review missions. The team failed to follow up on audit opinions and recurrent issues, leading to recurrence of the same issues and delays in submitting the APFS. This improved only after inclusion of a financial management staff toward the end of the project.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuous community consultation, benefit sharing, and interagency coordination are vital to create social acceptance for SLS construction. The Nepalgunj SLS construction was successful due to continuous community engagement, cooperation among political leaders, and early implementation of a community development program targeted to community living near the SLS. The SLSs in Janakpur and Siddharthanagar had to be dropped, however, as nearby communities did not allow their construction.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In future, project design consultant’s scope of work should include assessment of background and technical information for underground existing utilities. The project had initial design delays and design modifications during implementation mainly due to unavailability of existing utilities’ underground information such as by plan profile and as-built drawing. Final DSC designs were not always comprehensive. This required variations for most contracts, resulting in both start-up delays and contract modifications.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The country’s restructuring affected GESI institutional structure adopted through GESI operational guidelines and requires revision of GESI operational guideline to align with federal structure. Although MOUD has instituted GESI operationally, other structures do not exist after restructuring of MOUD and its department to align with the country’s new federal structure.

Project Number: 42161-013
Project Name: Integrated Urban Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Giving equal importance to the institutional and capacity support and infrastructure investments under a sector loan strengthens commitment, ownership, and accountability of the executing agency. The implementation of infrastructure component of the project, coupled with timely technical support and capacity building, is pivotal to ensuring project readiness and implementation progress in a highly challenging context.

Project Number: 39298-013
Project Name: City Region Development Project
Report Date: