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Lesson
Community and farmers' involvement in project implementation is crucial to integrative flood and land management. This was highlighted by this project's experience. Also, advocacy and capacity development among stakeholders at the village level enable them to understand the complex soil salinity and flood risk management processes.

Project Number: 44037-014
Project Name: Shaanxi Weinan Luyang Integrated Saline Land Management Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The results-based lending (RBL) modality provides flexibility to adjust targets adversely affected by unforessen adverse events such as COVID-19. During 2020–2022, the COVID-19 pandemic affected the demand for electricity, lowering the State Electricity Company's (PLN) revenues and creating uncertainty in its investment plans. Sourcing equity financing and implementing ongoing projects within PLN became difficult under such conditions and adjustments were needed in scope and time targets of ongoing works.

Project Number: 50016-001
Project Name: Sustainable Energy Access in Eastern Indonesia—Electricity Grid Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The sector development program modality proved to be effective in helping the government to reform the education sector. It responded to the sector's major problem of insufficient financing, with the policy-based grant providing the government financial incentives to reform the sector. The project component effectively supported the implementation of policy reforms. Some project initiatives are not yet fully functional and the government needs further support to accomplish these. Supporting technical assistance could address this.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Strengthening Education System Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The project's use of leasing, a financing instrument not used in previous ADB FILs in Uzbekistan, was positive as it provided alternative financing depending on the needs of customers.

Project Number: 42007-018
Project Name: Small Business Finance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Structural and nonstructural interventions require cohesive and integrated program approaches as well as long-term planning. The phased approach taken by this program proved most appropriate, allowing the step-by-step construction of various flood and riverbank erosion management (FRERM) structures while verifying innovative solutions and, in the process, strengthening state and local institutions.

Project Number: 38412-013, 38412-023, 38412-033, 43069-012
Project Name: Assam Integrated Flood and Riverbank Erosion Risk Management Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2; and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Selection of the most suitable modality to support institutional development requires adequate consideration of the various factors intricately linked to it, including the prevailing political dynamics, incentive structures in public administration, and commitment of the relevant development agencies. In the case of this project, frequent changes in the senior management of the Erdenes Mongol jeopardized project ownership and seriously affected implementation.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO) modality was effective. The CPRO program established a model for ADB to channel timely support to developing member countries to address major health and economic challenges. The speed of delivery, efficient implementation, and strong development impact achieved validate the success of this model, which can be deployed to further assist countries in their economic recovery.

Project Number: 54180-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Shock-responsive social protection mechanisms are effective in responding to the severe socioeconomic impact of global pandemics. Topping up existing benefits (known as vertical expansion) and using existing benefit delivery mechanisms allowed the government to respond quickly, ultimately reaching 80% of the population with cash support. This approach has also been adopted for pandemic response in other ADB developing member countries.

Project Number: 54214-001
Project Name: Shock-Responsive Social Protection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO modality is deemed relevant, appropriate, and efficient for this program, as it allows DMCs to address spending requirements for health, social, and economic measures in response to the pandemic. Discussions with the government to align the modality with response measures facilitated critically needed fiscal stimulus to better manage the immediate economic and financial shocks created by the rapidly unfolding COVID-19 pandemic and an overwhelmed health care system.

Project Number: 54182-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's long standing engagement in the country, especially in the health and public finance sectors and in fiscal and macroeconomic policy developed its readiness to respond effectively and quickly. The One ADB approach and the application of the streamlined business processes under the CPRO policy also worked well for Mongolia, as it clearly demonstrated that cutting several bureaucratic layers in the approval process does not necessarily compromise the quality of the end product.

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The CPRO experience highlighted three main lessons. First, it confirmed Mongolia's solid precrisis record in structural reforms and macroeconomics, which put the country in a strong position to effectively respond to the multifarious impact of the pandemic. Second, the fast approval of the CPRO policy and lending modality enabled ADB to provide critical emergency support to eligible client countries in times of exceptional need, clearly showcasing the importance of institutional

Project Number: 54174-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Rapid Response Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The facility’s flexibility allowed the use of savings from one tranche to fund investments from another tranche. The installation and supply of ventilators within tranche 5 was canceled in the metro project as the increase in costs surpassed the initially allocated loan funds. Savings from tranche 1 from the cancellation of other subprojects were used to fund the investment in ventilators from the metro project.

Project Number: 42414-013, 42414-045
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 5 and MFF
Report Date:
Lesson
Support from experts in safeguards, financial management, procurement, and other aspects was necessary to implement this first RBL in the country. Although the overall fiduciary system of the program was sound, some schools had weak capacity and needed extra support during program implementation.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Changing mindsets from traditional investment to RBL could take time, requiring all stakeholders to have an in-depth understanding of the RBL modality. The provincial government and education department’s strong commitment to the program has powered ts success.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-designed RBL can make program implementation more efficient and reduce transaction costs during program implementation. This came about in this program with the disbursement-linked Indicators (DLIs) focusing on the main elements of the results chain and framework in the process highlighting the importance of teachers’ and managers’ capacity building and competency-based curriculum (CBC) development, which built a solid foundation for TVET’s sustainable development in Guizhou.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date: