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Lesson
Based on the experience from this TA, comprehensive contingency plans need to be in place to address potential disruptions or changes in future energy projects. These plans should account for geopolitical, economic, and environmental factors. Moreover, it is important to encourage diversification of energy sources to reduce reliance on a single resource. Exploring renewable energy options, such as solar, wind, and hydropower, to enhance the resilience of energy projects and prioritizing sustainability in all energy projects are particularly important in this regard.

Project Number: 44184-012
Project Name: Afghanistan and Turkmenistan: Regional Power Interconnection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Geopolitical shifts, market dynamics, and government decisions could impact project continuity. This was shown by the TA which highlighted challenges in ensuring the continuation of projects beyond the TA phase.

Project Number: 44184-012
Project Name: Afghanistan and Turkmenistan: Regional Power Interconnection Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Unforeseen events could significantly impact project implementation.

Project Number: 43316-012
Project Name: Pakse Urban Environmental Improvement Project
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Lesson
Adapting to the changing government priorities facilitates the attainment of tangible outputs. Moreover, in this case, swift adaptation to the changing internal policy environment at ADB and proactive stakeholder consultations transformed risks into opportunities. The TA needs to be flexible enough to respond to the changing conditions of supply and demand, as well as to political and regulatory realities, to maximize tangible outputs.

Project Number: 52322-002
Project Name: Preparing Sustainable Energy Investment Projects
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Lesson
An institutional analysis undertaken during appraisal phase helps provide an assessment of the technical capacity of concerned institutions as this is essential in ensuring smooth project implementation activities. Such analysis could include a political-economy assessment that could help strengthen project preparation activities, especially in assessing possible changes to policies and government priorities.

Project Number: 39256-023, 39256-024
Project Name: Urban Transport Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility andTranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Court cases and stay orders, due to compensation complaints, can cause unnecessary project delays. Court cases and stay orders secured by a few landowners, despite being awarded due compensation approved by competent authority, hampered project implementation. Some cases were resolved quickly, while others lingered, waiting for court resolution.

Project Number: 43464-023
Project Name: Himachal Pradesh Clean Energy Transmission Investment Program (Tranche 1)
Report Date:
Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends largely on strong political will and commitment at all levels of the government. An executing agency needs to be proactive and initiate close working relationships with local authorities to resolve identified issues on the ground. Local communities, particularly affected households, must be engaged and their concerns should be adequately factored in by project design.

Project Number: 41444-013
Project Name: Second Northern Greater Mekong Subregion Transport Network Improvement
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Lesson
The delay in achieving project effectiveness was unforeseen and unwarranted, given the priority requirement of rooftop solar PV systems to meet national policies,

Project Number: 50373-002
Project Name: Rooftop Solar Power Generation Project
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Lesson
Building systems and organizational capacity is critical to the success of social assistance programs. Moving beyond a pilot to a national CCTprogram requires establishing project management structures, robust systems for information management, accountability mechanisms, and significant human resources. Despite impressive growth, the Philippines' CCT program faced challenges as it expanded nationally.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Support from experts in safeguards, financial management, procurement, and other aspects was necessary to implement this first RBL in the country. Although the overall fiduciary system of the program was sound, some schools had weak capacity and needed extra support during program implementation.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in government could trigger changes in counterpart agencies and priorities with significant implications on program design and implementation. The national election in 2012 resulted in a change in government and the subsequent appointment of new directors and staff in Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF), the project executing and implementing agency (EA/IA). Additional time thus had to be devoted to building capacity and awareness with respect to the project. Several subprojects were cancelled because of changes in government priorities.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
Changes in government may require a new or additional round of capacity- and awareness-building. The national election in 2012 resulted in a change in the government and subsequent appointment of new directors and staff in the Municipal Development Fund of Georgia (MDF), the project executing and implementing agency. Therefore, additional time had to be devoted to build capacity and awareness with respect to the project.

Project Number: 42414-033
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 2
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Lesson
Learning from and drawing on the achievements of past interventions is critical to the success of comprehensive policy reforms supported by the programmatic approach to policy-based lending (PBL).

Project Number: 51199-001
Project Name: Ulaanbaatar Air Quality Improvement Program
Report Date:
Lesson
This validation agrees with the lesson of building awareness for the work done under the TA project. However, it is unclear why awareness-building beyond ASEAN is required for this TA project. One can surmise that it could be for the goals of attracting capital. However, the role of partnership with foreign academic institutions is unclear beyond the publication of potential knowledge products. This lesson or recommendation should then be classified under partnership and cofinancing.

Project Number: 48143-001
Project Name: Enhancing Association of Southeast Asian Nations Capital Market Integration
Report Date:
Lesson
The lesson also does not talk about constraints encountered. To be a useful knowledge product, it is essential to comment on the constraints and the mitigation strategies deployed by the project so that others can learn from it.

Project Number: 48218-007
Project Name: Support for Value Chain Development under the Nepal Agriculture Development Strategy
Report Date: