Operation and Maintenance (O&M). In Nanjing, management responsibilities for O&M of river systems, drainage systems, WWTPs (wastewater treatment plants), and sewerage systems were fragmented between Nanjing Qinhuai River Construction Company and Nanjing Municipal Water Company (under NCIC or Nanjing Urban Construction Investment Holding [Group] Company Limited), NDMD or Nanjing Drainage Management Department (under NMUMB or Nanjing Municipal Urban Management Bureau), water resources bureaus, and the district governments. This resulted in considerable confusion and inefficiency. However, certain institutional reforms (with a simpler division of responsibilities) introduced by the NMG (Nanjing Municipal Government) during project implementation, have helped to streamline O&M functions.
Nanjing Qinhuai River Environmental Improvement Project