It is critical to embed targeted and specified stakeholder risk analysis and risk mitigation
measures into the planning of complex, community-driven, and local government-implemented
infrastructure investments, especially for multi-dimensional and cross-sector urban development
projects. One of the critical project lessons learned is that, although the project’s governance risk
assessment and management plan foresaw the cost and time overrun owing to disbursement and
program approval delays,6 it did not adequately plan for stakeholder participation-, consensus- and
agreement-related risks and delays that occurred during this project. Thus, the project might have
miscalculated the importance of stakeholder consensus and support. Such a lesson is a valuable
source of learning for future urban project preparation.
Integrated Urban Development Project