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Lesson
Strong government commitment and ownership are crucial to the quality of project preparation and sustainability. Specifically, establishing a clear institutional arrangement (such as, which agency performs the routine and periodic maintenance, among other things) and sound operation and maintenance strengthens the funding mechanisms of the project after completion. In this project, the government showed a high degree of ownership in ensuring that adequate budgetary sources are in place to ensure the financing of routine road maintenance.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-004
Project Name: Second Road Network Development Investment Program (Multitranche Financing Facility and Tranches 1 and 2)
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Lesson
Adequate and thorough preparation at design enhances the project’s quality at entry which is critical in supporting the government’s and ADB’s priority to promote rural development and reduce poverty. Specifically, a greater consideration of the design and scope for improving disaster risk management and climate resilience could support the upgrading and rehabilitation of other infrastructures, such as roads, energy, and social services, resulting in higher development impacts.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project
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Lesson
In small island developing countries with limited policy reform capacity, ADB should avoid targeting multiple reform areas in one policy-based operation—i.e., debt management, civil service reform, management of the wage bill, public procurement, and private sector development—and keep prior actions to a minimum.

Project Number: 48361-001, 48361-002, 48361-003
Project Name: Building Macroeconomic Resilience Program
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Lesson
Although ADB has no direct relationship with district people’s committees during program implementation, they are in-charge of land acquisition and resettlement on behalf of the city people’s committee. A program design needs to consider this and plan accordingly to equip the relevant officials with the skills and knowledge for effective land acquisition and resettlement, in accordance with ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009).

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
Report Date:
Lesson
Viet Nam’s procurement law prohibits executing and implementing agencies from issuing bidding documents until capital resources for the packages have been allocated. The procurement for complex projects may take more than 1 year from bidding documents’ issuance to contract awards. Applying ADB’s advanced actions can mitigate this procurement risk.

Project Number: 39500-013, 39500-023
Project Name: Ho Chi Minh City Urban Mass Rapid Transit Line 2 Investment Program (Tranches 1 and 2, and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
The government’s greater ownership and commitment during a period of political transition are critical for reform implementation to support the project’s expected outcome

Project Number: 43490-013
Project Name: Capital Market and Infrastructure Capacity Support Project
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Lesson
Project implementation highlights the importance of increased accountability and ownership by all stakeholders in achieving the project’s intended outcome. This, along with a well-designed capacity building intervention for implementing agencies, would help facilitate timely implementation and achievement of project results. Complex projects with many components and a wide geographical coverage require a high level of government commitment and ownership.

Project Number: 37749-013
Project Name: Agrarian Reform Communities Project II
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Lesson
Effective and efficient implementation of large-scale land acquisition and resettlement activities depends on strong political will and commitment at all levels of government. An executing agency needs to be proactive and initiate close working relationship with local authorities to resolve identified issues on the ground. ADB needs to be kept well informed of major issues. Prior approvals need to be sought from ADB based on established procedures.

Project Number: 41414-043
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Ben Luc –Long Thanh Expressway Project – Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of a comprehensive strategic framework that broadens and deepens financial inclusion based on robust diagnostics and analytical work. The rationale for reform and policy actions are to be drawn from these diagnostics, and actions are prioritized and sequenced in addressing the constraints and bottlenecks. Regulatory constraints, institutional capacity limitations, deficiencies in technology infrastructure, and extent of financial literacy need to be clearly identified and assessed based on the analytical work.

Project Number: 48207-001, 48207-002, 48207-004
Project Name: Financial Market Development and Inclusion Program
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Lesson
Single-tranche and stand-alone policy-based programs can be an appropriate instrument to support reforms in fragile states provided that (i) these take place in the context of an ongoing, long-term development partnership; and (ii) there is a demonstrated government commitment to pursue substantial reforms over an extended time frame. Moreover, such programs need to be supported by ongoing capacity development in key agencies. In fragile states, the risks to implementing and sustaining reforms are amplified by external shocks and natural disasters.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
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Lesson
The formal government and development partner coordination mechanisms offer the opportunity to reduce transaction costs for all parties and increase the likelihood of a good quality program design and implementation. In the case of Solomon Islands, it utilized a wellestablished coordination mechanism to undertake policy dialogue, to design a program that is responsive to the country’s needs, and to jointly oversee program implementation.

Project Number: 52074-001
Project Name: Improved Fiscal Sustainability Reform Program
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Lesson
Strengthening partnerships among bilateral and multilateral organizations, especially in the Pacific region, supplements a government’s initiatives. For instance, complementary work among these donors helps a government in redesigning projects struck by disasters during implementation, especially to realign project components alongside the urgent needs of disaster recovery, rehabilitation, and reconstruction efforts.

Project Number: 42391-013
Project Name: Port Vila Urban Development Project
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Lesson
The success of the program indicates that working with state governments in India is an appropriate level for PBLs, which may not be achieved at the national-level when instituting similar reforms. Success at the state-level offers an opportunity for scaling-up or replicating the experience in other states with similar issues.

Project Number: 49209-001
Project Name: Second West Bengal Development Finance Program
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Lesson
A well-developed national structure for disaster risk management is beneficial for the success of post-disaster emergency response.

Project Number: 50181-001
Project Name: Fiji: Emergency Assistance for Recovery from Tropical Cyclone Winston
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Lesson
A well-matched policy-based loan and technical assistance is a promising approach that can enable the attainment of more ambitious and technically difficult reform results.

Project Number: 48065-003
Project Name: Public Sector Enterprises Reform Program (Subprogram 2)
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