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Lesson
Regular policy dialogue and project readiness can reduce the likelihood of scope changes. Project implementation did not progress during 2015 to 2017 because of the

Project Number: 44035-014
Project Name: Ningxia Irrigated Agriculture and Water Conservation Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In this instance, the executing agency was competent and major issues did not arise. With a less experienced executing agency, the geographic and sectoral scope and range might have proved too challenging without the front-loading of due diligence and screening that a sector project provides.

Project Number: 43049-013
Project Name: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of the range of alternative modalities helps strengthen the project formulation phase. In the case of this project, this type of assessment could have examined the merits of a project investment vis-à-vis a sector loan in the choice of the modality. If this project had been formulated as a sector project, each of the diverse candidate subprojects would have been analyzed prior to investment, allowing those that were economically unviable or potentially damaging (from an environmental or social point of view) to be dropped and substituted by more viable ones.

Project Number: 43049-013
Project Name: Comprehensive Agricultural Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Specific requirements for land acquisition and resettlement need to be completed prior to project implementation. Obtaining the necessary clearances and permits early on to meet the pertinent safeguards compliances can help in identifying any risk or grievance issues that can potentially delay the execution of project activities. Under the project, some components were substantially delayed due to the prolonged site turnover including the issuance of the appropriate permits, such as coastal land-use certificate, planning and construction permits, and utility lines.

Project Number: 42010-013
Project Name: Guangxi Southwestern Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate project related preparatory work, planning and risk assessment are crucial to improving project readiness. These efforts include assessment of the technical and administrative capacity of the executing and implementing agencies. Under the project, any reorganization of the agency, if necessary, needs to be clearly arranged and completed prior to project start-up. This helps the agencies in addressing the implementation issues on time. Likewise, skills training of agencies involved in the implementation enhances the preparation and quality-at-entry of the project.

Project Number: 42010-013
Project Name: Guangxi Southwestern Cities Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Quality construction supervision has a price. All works contracts were supervised by consulting engineers who ensured detailed engineering designs were adopted, and contractors’ progress claims were legitimate, among others. But the quality of works varied, with indications of insufficient funding contributing to the poor quality of many completed works.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Late allocation of provincial counterpart funds is a persistent issue requiring attention from the central government of Viet Nam. Late allocation of counterpart funding slowed down implementation progress and exposed subprojects to additional cost increases through inflation. The central government should consider providing incentives for timely provincial allocations. It could also explore alternative funding arrangements to address the issue.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Consideration of future utilization patterns in the upgrading of roads can lead to higher design standards that may require more funds for operation and maintenance (O&M) but will help ensure the operational efficiency of upgraded roads. In Viet Nam, engineering designs are based on established standards that are determined by their levels of utilization. With the upgrading of roads likely to attract increased traffic volumes with an associated change in transport modes, the project carefully considered future utilization patterns in the design of the upgraded rural roads.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Early establishment of a monitoring and evaluation (M&E) system with sex-disaggregated data collection and reporting mechanism will facilitate the implementation of the project gender action plan (GAP). The project developed and operationalized a comprehensive M&E system with sex-disaggregated data collection and reporting mechanism. This facilitated GAP implementation and necessary adjustments, especially during Phase 2 that had more gender targets.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Climate change risks need to be carefully considered in the design of rural infrastructure. There was inadequate integration of disaster and climate change risks into the design of subprojects in the highly vulnerable project provinces. This was highlighted by the collapse of a 450-meter section of the Trieu Dai–Trieu Do commune road (Quang Tri) during severe storms and flooding in 2011.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Incorporating into the design of rural infrastructure structures and features that minimize O&M requirements will lead to the optimal use of limited funds. Recognizing limited funding for routine and periodic maintenance, the project incorporated structures and features that minimize the O&M requirements of the rural infrastructure it put in place. Examples such as stilling basins, sediment flushing gates, rubbish screens, and automated gate operating systems (supervisory control and data acquisition) have proved effective and may be considered in similar projects.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
The sustainability of rural infrastructure investments would require a dedicated institution and access to financial resources. An institution responsible for rural infrastructure and access to financial resources are two critical aspects to ensure the sustainability of rural infrastructure investments. The former is considered a necessary condition and the latter a sufficient condition without which sustainability cannot be assured.

Project Number: 37097-013
Project Name: Integrated Rural Development Sector Project in the Central Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Flexible implementation arrangements helps in enhancing a project’s relevance and results. In some cases, project relevance may change during implementation due to lower demand or unexpected government policy that subsequently may require a change in project scope and targets. This provides an opportunity to modify or correct the project design to strengthen its intended outcome at appraisal. For instance, the project was aimed to improve the carbon market development and preparedness for carbon market participation.

Project Number: 40684 013
Project Name: Forestry and Ecological Restoration Project in Three Northwest Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
Support to improve the agencies’ institutional capacity involved in the preparatory work and implementation is necessary to ensure smooth execution of project activities and progress will remain on track. For example, project experience highlighted the required managerial support for agencies in view of the challenges encountered in implementing the social and environmental mitigation measures and related delays.

Project Number: 40684 013
Project Name: Forestry and Ecological Restoration Project in Three Northwest Provinces
Report Date:
Lesson
support for the evaluation of bids are critical to streamline the implementation of the project. During the design stage, developing the institutional and technical capacity of executing agencies with no previous experience in new specialized technology helps support the initial administration of project activities.

Project Number: 40238-023
Project Name: Productive Rural Infrastructure Sector Project in the Central Highlands
Report Date: