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Lesson
Lack of capacity in governmen to continue reforms without external support puts the sustainability of reform projects' outputs at risk. Reforming the sector requires strong ownership and commitment in terms of providing sufficient financing and policy changes to support the reform. Some project outputs—including the textbook rental scheme and textbook provision, online training modules and attestation for teachers, curricula review system, and financing of innovative schools' additional functions—are incomplete as the government still has not implemented them countrywide.

Project Number: 46537-002
Project Name: Strengthening Education System Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Monitoring and continuous technical support is needed for effective continuation of reform because program impacts will be felt over the long term. The government has agreed to a postprogram engagement framework whose broad purpose is to ensure that policy reforms are not reversed and that Joint-Stock Company Georgian State Electrosystem stays on the path towards financial sustainability.

Project Number: 49006-003
Project Name: Electricity Transmission Sector Reforms Program
Report Date:
Lesson
In designing the design and monitoring frameworks (DMFs) for the COVID-19 Pandemic Response Option (CPRO), the approach was to extract aspects of the government's response plan that reflected ADB priorities and offered points of engagement with the government, and to restrict the number of indicators and targets so as not to burden the government. However, an unintended consequence is that this can weaken the logic and evidence base of the DMF, making it difficult to satisfactorily demonstrate the achievement of the program outcome.

Project Number: 54193-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Without a comprehensive and robust design and monitoring framework (DMF) and without undertaking the necessary updates, the level of project achievements against targets cannot be ascertained. In this project, the scale and character of planned physical works in one scheme were substantially altered during implementation, but the impact of this change on project effectiveness cannot be properly captured by the indicators in the DMF. Similarly, without conducting baseline and impact assessments, the economic viability of project investments cannot be reliably established.

Project Number: 40190-013
Project Name: Greater Mekong Subregion Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
Inavailability of data could hinder the achievement of a project's intended results. While gender data was available in major programs like the Emergency Subsidy Program, such data was unavailable for others. Of the six outputs in the gender monitoring matrix, two were not achieved as the following data were unavailable: (i) the number of micro, small, and medium enterprise beneficiaries under the small business wage subsidy program and those registered to women; and (ii) thenumber of micro, small, and medium enterprises that benefited from tax relief and those registered to women

Project Number: 54138-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A program's design and monitoring framework (DMF) needs to be agile and flexible. A key aspect of a crisis is that it rapidly evolves and at the outset more is often unknown than known. The DMF therefore needs to be realistic and subject to change when new evidence emerges, or the context evolves. Hence, during the implementation and monitoring of the program, the DMF should be revisited and updated as needed.

Project Number: 54138-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
A clear design and monitoring framework (DMF) allows procurement and implementation documentation to be linked to performance monitoring, and for all the monitoring requirement to be reflected in a comprehensive project administration manual. This was one facet of the project DMF that made it effective in tracking progress and facilitating timely and success project implementation.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Setting output indicators in the design and monitoring framework (DMF) that are the same or identical to policy actions confuses inputs with intended changes generated by policy actions. IED notes that this has been a standard practice for policy-based loans (PBLs) approved under previous ADB guidelines for preparing DMFs. However, going forward, specifying indicators that clearly measure the intended changes of policy actions would facilitate a better assessment of results.

Project Number: 45253-002
Project Name: Third Capital Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Targets need to be specific and evidence-based and indicators well-defined and measurable to enable a reliable assessment of implementation progress and project accomplishments and performance at completion. This project suffered from weaknesses in indicators and the results chain. Examples were inadequate links between intended outputs and outcome, lack of specific targets (output 1 and outcome), and poorly defined target (output 3). One impact target was misplaced (project staffing) and another was deemed unachievable (number of WUCSs confirming receipt of water services).

Project Number: 43253-023
Project Name: Karnataka Integrated and Sustainable Water Resources Management Investment Program - Project 1
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Lesson
For monitoring MFF, a well-designed DMF provides guidance for each tranche where deliverables with clear milestones can easily be cascaded to the envisioned tranches. Then, any implementation issue, requiring changes in scope, can be properly monitored and their impact to the overall delivery can be easily assessed.

Project Number: 41116-013, 41116-043
Project Name: Jammu and Kashmir Urban Sector Development Investment Program (Project 3 and Multitranche Financing Facility)
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Lesson
Robust project baseline data is needed to adequately assess complex projects with significant potential environmental and social impacts. In this project, baseline data on noise, vibration, vulnerable affected people, and river ecology were collected in accordance with contracts, applicable laws, regulations, and policies. This proved insufficient and led to questionable results particularly with the regard to the impact of vibration in several project-affected buildings. For future projects, more detailed studies and additional assessments need to be carried out.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Projects could fail because of faulty impact assessments. The initial environmental examination (IEE) approved by ADB had to be revised as road vibration and noise impacts needed to be studied further. While public consultations were conducted, these did not generate enough buy-in from some of the stakeholders who raised formal complaints. Local people outside the project’s original area of influence opposed project implementation as well as the proposed remedial action plan (RAP), due to which the project could not be carried out within the original timeframe.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Project impacts on vulnerable groups need focused attention. . The IEE had some shortcomings in identifying the project’s impacts on vulnerable groups in the project areas. Visually impaired people living in the area were to be affected by noise generated from the road layout. As a result, the project required a new round of consultations with visually impaired affected persons whose specific vulnerabilities and needs had not been factored into project design. In addition, more precise measurement of vibration impact on buildings occupied by affected persons needed to be developed.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
A project specific DMF is key to reliably assessing the implementation progress and overall performance of each tranche project. The DMF for this project contained indicators that pertained to investments under other tranches of the multitranche financing facility (MFF). This made monitoring and evaluation of project progress and performance difficult, with results that hid the real picture and so prevented corrective measures from being undertaken during implementation.

Project Number: 42414-023
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 1
Report Date:
Lesson
The design and monitoring framework (DMF) needs to be carefully formulated to adequately measure project achievements. The DMF contained indicators that were not entirely attributable to the project. The assumptions and data source behind the quantitative baselines and targets for several indicators were also not clearly explained. These weaknesses need to be addressed in future projects.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date: