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Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Professional accounting organizations are reliable partners in initiatives to enhance the financial management capacity of DMCs. This TA benefited from an extensive network of partners from the DMCs and various Professional Accounting Organizations. This collaboration facilitated the gathering of substantive inputs localizing best international practices in auditor quality assurance programs, thereby improving the quality of the TA deliverables.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
EAs/IAs and supreme audit institutions (SAIs) have expressed a substantial demand for capacity development initiatives focused on financial reporting and auditing practices. Increased and more frequent collaborative engagement with SAIs and private auditing firms would facilitate the prioritization of limited TA resources, allowing them to be strategically allocated to address the most critical capacity gaps. EAs/IAs staff training need to continuously focus on timely financial reporting and audit and comprehensive coverage of all project expenditures until financial closing.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term sustainability is critical for quality assurance programs to have a lasting and meaningful impact. This needs to be considered in the design of future similar TA, learning from this TA's experience. The TA's limited implementation period contrasts with private auditor quality assurance programsm which are regular, continuous, and long-term and require methodological and financial support to sustain momentum and achieve meaningful results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
For a TA to enhance governance and financial management, close engagement with the DMCs’ institutions is critical for timely realizing the outputs and results.

Project Number: 52113-001
Project Name: Strengthening Financial Management in Asia and the Pacific, Phase 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The transition of PWWs into independent corporate entities requires adequate preparation to ensure they have the capacity, technical and financial management skills, and resources for viability and sustainability. To support this transition, the PMU adopted a phased and practical approach, implementing vital actions with training and technical support. The PWWs developed business planning and financial reporting systems and adopted supervisory control and data acquisition systems. The PMU has identified the first PWWs that are considered ready for the next step as a corporate entity.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure development would be more impactful if it can be combined with modern agricultural concepts, like climate smart agriculture, conservation farming, on-farm water use efficiency, and integrated water resource management to enhance the development effectiveness of the project. Collaborative efforts with agricultural agencies to simultaneously work on these aspects and better emphasis on crop diversification would have provided better development outcomes.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation and climate change adaptation interventions have rooms for improvement by employing multidisciplinary approaches. While the traditional engineering approaches are quite useful, ecosystem-based holistic approaches, such as consideration of the irrigation infrastructure development with the management of the watersheds that could supply water, needs to be considered in the approach in future irrigation projects.

Project Number: 44328-013
Project Name: Uplands Irrigation and Water Resources Management Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With financial services playing a key role in supporting the growth of the real economy while promoting inclusive finance, a comprehensive reform approach supported by technical assistance (TA) is required to make the financial sector more inclusive. As the sector continues to grow and ADB funding is limited, TA and strong development partner coordination are essential to ensure financial resources are strategically targeted, to avoid overlapping or overcrowding of assistance in particular areas at the expense of others.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Long-term engagement establishes understanding and trust, which are vital for any reform program to succeed but indispensable for the finance sector, where policy actions such as those relating to interest rates or foreign exchange may involve significant externalities. A new program dedicated to financial sector reform is not in the offing, but this lag provides ADB an opportunity to re-enter the sector and focus on targeted subsectors such as financial inclusion and capital markets.

Project Number: 44263-013, 44263-015, 44263-016
Project Name: Inclusive Financial Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Due diligence was deficient by failing to properly assess the political risk. Political stability and support for the achievement of objectives at all levels were explicit in the assumption statements of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
High-level sector policy reform can be achieved with a well-designed sector development program, but that the importance of the wider domestic political economy surrounding the executing agency should not be neglected at design.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
GAP performance was not successful overall, in part because of ambitious target setting, the absence of regular monitoring, reporting, and assessment of GAP achievement during the midterm review, inadequate GAP orientation during inception, and insufficient sensitivity and understanding of GAP implementation by stakeholders.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB could not have continued to invest in water resources generally or irrigation especially, without major policy reforms to operationalize the provisions of the Water Law.

Project Number: 38558-013
Project Name: Water Resources Management Sector Development Program: Project Completion Report
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessing and clarifying the indirect economic welfare generated by the provision of public goods is essential since these are not readily evident, especially in a regional context.

Project Number: 41505-012, 41507-012, 41508-013
Project Name: Second Greater Mekong Subregion Regional Communicable Diseases Control Project
Report Date: