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Lesson
The development of a regulatory framework alongside the preparation of a project’s technical design could help enhance the autonomy and sustainability of water utilities. This, in turn, could lead to improved service delivery and better maintenance of project assets. Such a framework could include mechanisms for independent oversight and regulation of water utilities' operations and performance, as well as the provision of clear guidelines and policies for tariff setting and cost recovery, among other aspects.

Project Number: 41403-013
Project Name: Urban Water Supply Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical and vocational education and training is a complex subsector having multiple interfaces with development issues related to socioeconomic development, production technology, and public policy. ADB needs a sector road map to guide its operations, especially when investments interface with the private sector.

Project Number: 45139-001
Project Name: Mid-Level Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The program provided the environment for private sector participation (PSP) in the sector, although this should only be seen as the start and not the conclusion. Further, independent power producers need to be contracted whenever possible, while carefully monitoring contingent liability risks. More PSP could be encouraged in water and wastewater operations,perhaps adopting franchise or concession arrangements, viability gap financing, or availability payments.

Project Number: 54151-001, 54151-003
Project Name: Palau Public Utilities Corporation Reform Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Development partners, such as the World Bank, Australian Department of Foreign Affairs, and United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), have been working alongside ADB in supporting the 4Ps program that has led the Department of Social Welfare and Development to request for joint review missions.

Project Number: 43407-013
Project Name: Social Protection Support Project
Report Date:
Lesson
When debt servicing and repayment burden is placed on TVET institutions, as was the case under this project, the TVET insitutions should have a greater role in the project design and determining their liability

Project Number: 45511-006
Project Name: Hunan Technical and Vocational Education and Training Demonstration Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical knowledge in the sector and confident partnership with the sector’s main agencies built up over long-term policy dialogue are required for successful interventions and country assistance in a period of crises. When the food and financial crises required rapid assistance to Mongolia, ADB’s sector knowledge and the relations built up over several years of policy dialogue and assistance were the basis for rapidly preparing a program and project package to assist the government.

Project Number: 42322-012
Project Name: Food and Nutrition Social Welfare Program and Project 
Report Date:
Lesson
The unit cost of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) is usually higher than that of general school education. Hence, to protect the program’s benefits, TVET output stream must be coordinated closely with the job market preferences of employers.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The education–employment linkages improve when both the demand for skills and their supply are strengthened together in a system.

Project Number: 48101-003
Project Name: Guizhou Vocational Education Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Project preparation should have included better articulation of the need or logic for integrating a program loan and a project loan in a sector development program (SDP). Policy dialogue, which is essential to clearly establish an understanding among the executing agencies that policy reforms and project loan financed investments are interlinked, should have been undertaken; however, this was missing in this SDP. Two separate loans delivered in sequence may have been preferable and more manageable.

Project Number: 39305-013
Project Name: Urban Public and Environmental Health Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Financing a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure can provide efficient infrastructure improvement support on a larger scale. Although the project completion report indicated that these types of projects should contain fewer districts to reduce the implementation burden, the report confirmed the efficacy of the project. Therefore, to provide large-scale infrastructure, it may be preferable to finance a series of smaller projects within a broader financing structure, such as a multitranche financing facility.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A project performance management system provides a framework to assess the project results better. It incentivizes a sound evaluation of a project as well strengthening the basis of development impact. This is essential for a rural development project where project’s intended benefits and development impacts are not easily identified or quantified.

Project Number: 45084-002
Project Name: Coastal Climate-Resilient Infrastructure Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A more robust assessment of the ability of the recipient agency to implement the proposed capacity-building activities and hire the required consultants and consulting firms in a timely manner is needed in future technical assistance (TA) loans. A smaller TA package could have been considered in view of the frequent changes that typify much of Mongolia’s national government.

Project Number: 49409-001
Project Name: Strengthening Institutional Framework and Management Capacity Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The development of a firm sector investment plan supports successful project implementation. The sector plan, covering the short-, medium- and long-term horizons, helps avoid overlaps of projects that may result in scope changes which could adversely affect the project implementation timeline, funding and cost, and loan utilization. Such an investment plan commits the government to a definite set of projects in the sector that allows for a stable implementation of social and environmental safeguards.

Project Number: 42414-043
Project Name: Sustainable Urban Transport Investment Program - Tranche 3
Report Date:
Lesson
As school graduates compete for employment opportunities with students from other states in India, it is the comparative quality of education that determines their access to jobs and likely benefits from the project investments. Hence, focus on education quality should be a requisite in designing similar projects.

Project Number: 46166-001
Project Name: Supporting Human Capital Development in Meghalaya
Report Date:
Lesson
The importance of ex-post monitoring as results of policy-based loans are expected to fully materialize after implementation period. In this regard, mechanisms, such as the post-program engagement framework , established as part of program design allows for monitoring of results over the longer term and helps in promoting sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 51252-003, 51252-004, 51252-005
Project Name: Financial Market Development Program (Subprograms 1, 2, and 3)
Report Date: