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Lesson
Financial management assessments undertaken at appraisal need to fully assess the potential for executing agencies to provide the level of funding proposed in the project financing plan to avoid cancelation of project activities that may negatively affect project viability and sustainability.

Project Number: 40043-013
Project Name: Regional Power Transmission Interconnection Project (Afghanistan and Tajikistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
The Afghanistan component of the project demonstrated that importing relatively inexpensive electricity from Tajikistan, and elsewhere if available, can result in enormous economic benefits to Afghanistan and financial benefits to Da Afghanistan Breshna Sherkat (Afghanistan Power Utility). It would be prudent for the Government of Afghanistan and ADB to pursue further investments in the power sector to take advantage of surplus electricity in neighboring countries.

Project Number: 40043-013
Project Name: Regional Power Transmission Interconnection Project (Afghanistan and Tajikistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
Although the economic and financial benefits of the project were substantial for Afghanistan, they would have been greater if investment in distribution had been undertaken in a timely manner to take advantage of the capacity to import electricity through the project transmission line. The transmission line is currently used at less than full capacity - about 200 MW. It is possible to energize it to transmit up to 600 MW of electricity.

Project Number: 40043-013
Project Name: Regional Power Transmission Interconnection Project (Afghanistan and Tajikistan)
Report Date:
Lesson
In conflict-affected economies, it may be more appropriate to focus reforms on (i) rebuilding capacity, (ii) institutionalizing the process of conducting sustainable reforms based on transparency and participation, and (iii) propagating good public governance principles that are likely to be more enduring.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The approach should be supported by an agreed road map, matched closely with available institutional capacities, with enough flexibility for continuing review and corrective actions, and supported by required technical assistance, until such time that the country exhibits maturity of institutions, strong internal capacity, and political and economic stability.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Regarding program design in small, transition economies, it may be more prudent to take a gradual approach to private sector and financial market development, taking smaller slices of the development pie (financed with single-tranche loans) within a short time horizon.

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB’s similar institutional reform programs in Afghanistan should include a specific and realistic strategy for capacity development, taking into account the following: (i) without absorptive capacity in ministries, very little technical skills transfer will occur; (ii) sustained recourse to resident international advisors may perpetuate the dependency of decision makers on such advisors; and (iii) in the absence of specific terms of reference for international advisors, their contributions will tend to crowd out inputs provided by the learning process of local staff

Project Number: 37393-032, 37393-042
Project Name: Private Sector and Financial Market Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 38122-013
Project Name: Fiscal Management and Public Administration Reform Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adverse security issues and project start-up delays are two main factors that have adversely affected and delayed almost all previous projects in Afghanistan, except those where these issues were carefully handled in advance. Furthermore, insufficient surveys during project processing, and major changes in the technical design parameters during project implementation, can also cause serious implementation delays and significant cost overrun. The project suffered security issues until the situation was fixed with the help of additional security arrangements.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In a project of this nature, where there are serious security risks, and a potential for contractors' or consultants' suspension of works, or expected contract variations due to type of terrain, prompt decision making becomes critically important. This can be achieved through exceptional involvement of donors. ADB provided enhanced supervision both from headquarters and Afghanistan Resident Mission (AFRM). Staff were closely involved in identifying and promptly resolving issues.

Project Number: 39467-013
Project Name: North-South Corridor Project
Report Date: