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Lesson
To ensure the success of expenditure management at subnational government level, these entities need to become more dependent on locally sourced revenues over time. Rapidly increasing central transfers can make them more dependent to the national government and weaken their motivation to raise local revenues.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Decentralization and devolution to subnational governments need to be undertaken with caution, especially where capacity is known to be limited. A sequential program is useful, where functions and resources are better devolved first to local governments that are fully staffed and capacitated, and later to others, following a program that improves institutional capacity to accept the new responsibilities.

Project Number: 50168-001, 50168-002, 50168-003
Project Name: Fiscal and Public Expenditure Management Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Details in loan and grant covenants should be minimized, especially those that pertain to operational aspects.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
There is a need to ensure project readiness that would clearly dovetail with the planned tranches.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adoption of appropriate technologies enhances project quality.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustainability and replication of successful community-based IWRM initiatives in Indonesia need continuing support from local governments and relevant agencies.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Adequate planning is crucial to ensuring safeguard compliance of involuntary resettlement category A projects.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Proper choice of implementing agencies helps ensure the attainment of project outcomes and outputs.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The design of integrated water resources management (IWRM) investments has to be simple.

Project Number: 37049-013, 37049-023
Project Name: Integrated Citarum Water Resources Management Investment Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Preparation of sound project feasibility studies is required. With the support of the government and ADB, future conservation programs and projects will need to develop improved implementation systems and provide more practical support for beneficiaries. As mentioned, fishers’ behavioural practices need to be taken into consideration in project design and support for group livelihood activities. Furthermore, technical support for livelihood activities is usually required for a minimum of 2 years.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Project assets should have been handed over to fishing communities in project districts. Another impact of discontinuity under the project was poor asset management of social infrastructure. The MMAF did not hand over the constructed assets to the district or village at project completion. It is necessary that all infrastructure built under a project is handed over formally to appropriate institutions before the project ends.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Continuity of human resources should be ensured. During COREMAP II implementation, NGOs were engaged for 16 months and facilitated to set up community groups in villages, e.g., MCS groups, coral reef management bodies, and women’s groups. Several months after the NGOs left, district governments (Bintan, Natuna) assigned extension workers, but the NGOs’ engagement period was too short to ensure that the community groups were adequately operational and functional. In most villages, NGO staff were not absorbed into extension worker positions.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Coastal communities relying on coral reefs need comprehensive ecosystem management. Conservation and management are both focused on improving coastal livelihoods. Comprehensive ecosystem management is essential for communities’ ongoing engagement in conservation activities. Given the importance of mangroves, more stress should be placed on mangrove conservation nationwide. Strong legislation should be developed to ban the conversion of mangrove areas for shrimp and fish farming and prohibit illegal and destructive fishing.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Government buy-in and long-term commitment to conservation is needed. Based on the experiences and achievements of COREMAP, it is essential that every level of government—national, provincial, and district—strongly commits to implementing marine conservation programs and activities. Under Law No. 23, strong capacity to address illegal fishing is required at the provincial level. To make this happen, provinces need to work closely with districts to develop and internalize the capacity to manage costal resources.

Project Number: 32176-013
Project Name: Coral Reef Rehabilitation and Management Project Phase II
Report Date:
Lesson
Additional consideration should have been given to the provision of the following, which addresses particular problems encountered: An independent, external wastewater system design review should have been undertaken to more effectively review design work and ensure compliance with Indonesian design standards;

Project Number: 43255-013
Project Name: Urban Sanitation and Rural Infrastructure Support to the PNPM Mandiri Project
Report Date: