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Lesson
The creation of a road fund has been a key component of all three projects. It was to ensure the availability of adequate financing for operation and maintenance of project roads. To date, however, the road fund has not operated as envisaged. Because of the IMF restriction that the government should have only one consolidated central budget account, the government requested, and in 2001 was granted, an ADB waiver on the loan covenant that a special account for a road fund be created.

Project Number: 29151-013, 30311-014
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation Project, Second Road Rehabilitation Project, and Third Road Rehabilitation Project [Loans
Report Date:
Lesson
The institutional and policy reforms envisaged in the projects were complex and far-reaching and needed a longer time to come to fruition. There was no sharp focus on road asset management, which was a theme common to the three projects. Each of the projects left an unfinished agenda, which suggests that TA was spread too thinly over too many reform issues. The designs of succeeding projects did not indicate or act on the fact that some reform measures in the precursor projects were pending, at risk, and in need of ADB’s continued attention.

Project Number: 29151-013, 30311-013
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation Project, Second Road Rehabilitation Project, and Third Road Rehabilitation Project [Loans
Report Date:
Lesson
Project management must pay more attention to the scheduling of project implementation. Substantial delays experienced by all three projects should have been avoided or shortened. In contemporary infrastructure management, time overrun, like cost overrun, is a key performance indicator and affects the project’s efficiency. On-time completion is particularly important for a road rehabilitation project. The service level of a road under the rehabilitation is downgraded because the capacity of the road should be constrained during civil works.

Project Number: 29151-013, 30311-016
Project Name: Road Rehabilitation Project, Second Road Rehabilitation Project, and Third Road Rehabilitation Project [Loans
Report Date:
Lesson
As the project proved, communities are powerful agents for designing and implementing projects that they themselves benefit from. Those community developed projects are likely to be sustainable.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community participation in all stages of implementation, from identification to design to construction processes, is critical for the success of investments.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A multisector project requires a strong executing agency that can coordinate multiple implementing agencies. Major reforms also require strong leadership from the executing agency. The Administration of the President of the Kyrgyz Republic as the executing agency contributed enormously to the project's success despite the major regime change in the middle of project implementation.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Procurement problems can be reduced by introducing prior review of procurement documents. In a sector project with many small subprojects, contracts should be grouped into larger packages to reduce the number of civil works contacts. This will help the PMUs as well as ADB to concentrate more effectively on fewer contracts. Use of clear and stringent evaluation and qualification criteria in selection of contractors should be mandatory, and establishing consortia of contractors should be encouraged.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Establishing a joint project management unit at sector level can be a more efficient and cost-effective solution and help ensure a harmonized approach among the financing institutions.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Improving the quality of the feasibility study will minimize uncertainty in identifying subprojects and lead to more precise cost estimates. When subproject cost estimates are uncertain, adequate physical contingencies should be provided in sector projects to mitigate against potential cost overruns.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community-based organizations should be provided basic operation and maintenance kits to ensure sustainability of project activities.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Given that the idea of community-based preschools was innovative for the country, sufficient time should be given for a legal and regulatory framework to be established to adequately serve preschool educational services at the community level.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
If there are many small subprojects, the sector project modality should be adopted only with an executing agency having strong implementation capacity.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community-based projects should be implemented with more involvement of local administrations than of just the central government.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementing a project in a new field, especially in a dynamically changing transition economy, requires flexibility on the part of both the government and ADB. Willingness to adjust the project's design to a new environment or new findings and acceptance of extra time required for the adjustments is essential. To be successful, the project must also be transparent to receive support from local governments and communities.

Project Number: 32143-013
Project Name: Community-Based Early Childhood Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The introduction of in-kind beneficiaries' contributions should be carefully evaluated in projects where the works are done by contractors and not by the communities themselves.

Project Number: 31197-013
Project Name: Community-Based Infrastructure Services Sector Project
Report Date: