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Lesson
It is important to properly phase implementation schedules to allow for deeper analysis of output and outcome progress and rectify indicators. All four outcome indicators were not achieved but progress was recorded against outcome indicators related to increases in private investment, internationally certified Tajik firms, and regulatory quality; and in the case of women entrepreneurs was particularly good if measured by electronic tax declarations. This suggests that targets were initially overambitious and/or that outcome indicators should be considered over a longer period.

Project Number: 47099-002, 47099-004
Project Name: Investment Climate Reforms Program - Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Less stringent selection criteria, which enables the participation of more eligible financial institutions, could optimize the impact of microlending short-term, low-interest loans in unbanked but regularly earning agricultural communities. The selection of partner participating financial institutions (PFIs) for the microlending component of this project may have been too strict. This resulted in the participation of only 3 of the 6 large PFIs in Tajikistan, all of which are foreign-owned and likely to have been effective partners.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
Timing and location are essential to the participation of women in gender-related and other project activities. Implementation of this project’s gender action plan (GAP) was challenged by the wide geographic dispersion of households, which created difficulties in gathering project participants for training. The gender awareness campaigns also coincided with the harvest season, which made it difficult for farmer-beneficiaries to take part.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
A thorough assessment of the financial management capacity of executing agencies (EAs) is required to mitigate the risk of financial issues disrupting project implementation or leading to non-compliance to loan covenants/grant agreements. The Agency for Land Reclamation and Irrigation (ALRI), the EA for 2 of this project’s 4 intended outputs, did not monitor the commercial bank that held the advance accounts for said outputs. When the bank became insolvent, part of the advance accounts was frozen, and was refunded only after government intervention albeit with significant delay.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
A project focusing on microfinance could help remove obstacles to micro-insurance or other risk transfer schemes in the agricultural sector. The project did not create a market for micro-insurance as envisaged.

Project Number: 45389-001, 45389-002, 45389-003, 45389-004
Project Name: Building Climate Resilience in the Pyanj River Basin
Report Date:
Lesson
The series of interlinked sector development programs operating with the framework of the government’s education sector policies and plans has proven effective in supporting government secondary education reforms. This long-term approach has provided consistent support and certainty to a long and complex reform agenda that successfully extended the secondary school cycle while simultaneously supporting broadened access and improved quality and efficiency.

Project Number: 40368-022
Project Name: Secondary
Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The program did not give sufficient emphasis to ethnicity and included no specific ethnicity expertise even though ethnic students were the main project beneficiaries. A detailed analysis of different ethnic minority areas would have yielded a fuller understanding of the factors influencing education choices and outcomes. Inclusion of specialistsin the program team could have deepened the analysis in EGP, strengthened the engagement of ethnic groups, and likely strengthened outcomes for ethnic communities

Project Number: 40368-022
Project Name: Secondary
Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Two of the outcome performance indicators could not be measured directly using available data. This not only affects assessment of final outcome achievements but can also affect implementation. If indicators cannot be tracked accurately, project managers cannot receive regular implementation progress data indicating whether the project is on track or requires modification—or whether the targets themselves need to be revised. Flawed performance indicators need to be addressed as early as possible during implementation.

Project Number: 40368-022
Project Name: Secondary
Education Sector Development Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Intersector coordination. ADB involvement in the financial sector facilitated dialogue with and support from the MOF and ensured better harmonization of the financial systems from different sectors. This support from one key sector, for instance, reinforced effectiveness of the reforms and is likely to enhance the sustainability of the program.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Program design and implementation in least developed (and fragile) countries need to take account of the limited administrative capacity of the government. While ADB designed a program which supported the government in undertaking reforms and sufficient consulting services resources to help bridge capacity gaps, the timeframe for the program was too ambitious and ADB did not provide adequate continuity in the staff providing project supervision. These deficiencies contributed to the underperformance in program outcomes.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprogram 2
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Lesson
Better data and information. A better use of more accurate data for planning and budgeting by newly trained personnel at the central, provincial, and district levels could have significantly improved allocative efficiency in the health sector, enabling better targeted policies and activities in operational and development plans.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Implementation of government’s priorities. Involving the provincial and district levels and strengthening their capacity to identify and address the local needs reflected the government’s Sam Sang initiative, giving provinces and the districts more responsibilities and authorities. The reforms offered an opportunity to effectively apply the new policy, resulting in a strong government support for HSGP. ADB’s capacity-building activities at the provincial level in previous health projects provided useful experience to better target technical support at all levels.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
Impact indicators in the results framework need to have casual connection to the program’s outputs and outcomes. The civil service and budgetary reforms supported by the program will contribute to more efficient public administration and budget expenditures over time. However, they can only contribute at the margin to poverty and maternal mortality reduction, which were the impact indicators for the program. These indicators were not aligned with the impact statement, which aimed for improved service delivery.

Project Number: 46059-001, 46059-002
Project Name: Governance and Capacity Development in Public Sector Management Program - Subprogram 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Understanding and addressing the needs of all those involved in the sector. The health system requires two types of personnel: (i) health services providers; and (ii) administrative personnel responsible for planning, budgeting, resource allocation, and monitoring. Both need to be involved.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date:
Lesson
The implementation arrangements ensured that the provincial health offices, as implementing agencies, were stakeholders of the reforms. Rather than simply following instructions from the center, the provinces were involved in the program, better understood the reform objectives, and supported the implementation of the HSRS.

Project Number: 47137-003, 47137-006
Project Name: Health Sector Governance Program (Subprograms 1 and 2)
Report Date: