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Lesson
Sustainable O&M and water provision are crucial. Sustainable O&M that guarantees water provision is an incentive for farmers to remain members of WUAs. Farmers tend to withdraw from WUAs if their fields do not receive adequate water flows. Without water delivery to their fields, there was no incentive for farmers to work on land conversion and therefore some refused to invest their resources in converting undeveloped land to paddy fields, which would have increased the irrigated area under the project.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Irrigation infrastructure should be built to last. Frequent damage to irrigation facilities caused by flooding and landslides is a big threat to the sustainability of infrastructure improvements. Considering the poor watershed management in the areas surrounding subprojects and incompatible land uses (e.g., hilly land corn farming above the irrigated rice fields), the construction of irrigation infrastructure needs to improve. Preventive and protective measures need to be taken to guard against recurring intense rainfalls and extreme weather events.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Ensure adequate monitoring of performance indicators throughout implementation, including baseline data and making adjustments where needed to reflect the actual scope of the project.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Include sufficient support for project management during early project implementation

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The recruitment of consultants took longer than expected. Again, the PCR did not indicate the reason for the delays although the complexity of the consultancy contract may have been partly responsible. Under the project, implementation consultants were to be hired under a single contract yet this was divided into two packages—one to be financed by AFD and the other by ADB. This is an unusual arrangement and assistance from ADB and AFD during the recruitment process may have helped facilitate and expedite the recruitment process.

Project Number: 33356-013, 33356-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for ADB to be proactive and to keep an open dialogue with the government to minimize any delay in loan effectiveness. The PCR did not identify the reason for the long delay, nor did it mention any attempt by ADB to resolve any difficulty that was causing the delay. The Lao PDR is not a new borrower from ADB and is, therefore, generally familiar with the requirements of loan effectiveness, hence, potential problem caused by new procedure or policies of the government should have been identified during project preparation and measures to mitigate these should have been included.

Project Number: 33356-013, 33356-014
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Concentrating effort on farmer production and marketing groups (FPMGs) through a learning-by-doing process turned what was a pilot project at the outset into a demonstration at completion. FPMGs were shown to be successful as units for production and marketing, extension delivery, provision of skills and technology and as contracted primary suppliers. However, the project's approach was costly in terms of scale because FPMGs required intensive support. Although all groups still exist at completion it is not clear how they may expand or be replicated.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better coordination with other development partners and government agencies during the original project design stage could have helped avoid the need to re-formulate the rural roads component and strengthened the government's commitment to make counterpart funds available on a timely basis. Robust design and monitoring framework (DMF) preparation is essential for setting clear project objectives, targets and performance indicators within a logical results chain.

Project Number: 31351-013, 31351-014
Project Name: Smallholder Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project provides a good example of the need for sound in-depth analysis of political economy conditions at design to confirm that the policy and institutional setting are ready for intended changes/reforms. This should be matched with the flexibility (by ADB and government) to quickly adapt implementation arrangements and activity plans in response to changes in institutional arrangements.

Project Number: 33356-014, 33356-013
Project Name: Nam Ngum River Basin Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Care should be exercised in designing new projects, in particular, in making urban population growth estimates in Lao PDR.

Project Number: 34197-032, 34197-042
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern and Central Regions Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The speed with which VLF (village livelihood fund) loans were absorbed shows that there is a strong unmet demand for credit among livestock producers. Access to finance is a constraint to further expansion of livestock production. Increases in loan ceilings and tenure terms are needed to meet the needs of commercial producers.

Project Number: 35297-013
Project Name: Northern Region Sustainable Livelihoods Through Livestock Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The free connection policy has clearly shown its enormous impact on water supply coverage. A condition of connecting a premise to the water supply is that it must have a sanitation facility complying with local sanitation regulations. Residents are willing to install an approved sanitation facility so they can access the free connection to the piped system. Moreover, this policy has tremendously impacted sanitation coverage in the target communities.

Project Number: 34197-032, 34197-042
Project Name: Northern and Central Regions Water Supply and Sanitation Sector
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 34188-013
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Northern Community-Managed Irrigation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 31352-013
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Small Towns Development Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons.

Project Number: 30254-013
Project Name: Lao People’s Democratic Republic: Decentralized Irrigation Development and Management Sector Project
Report Date: