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Lesson
Poor countries are rightly skeptical of borrowing only for consulting services because in the absence of the requisite infrastructure they fail to internalize outputs and derive gains from the institutional reforms in full. This affects the extent to which government ownership materializes through the course of implementation. The RRP summarized the lessons identified from prior financial sector reform projects (RRP, page 11, para. 35) on government ownership in terms of the reform agenda.

Project Number: 28332-013
Project Name: Corporate and Financial Governance Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project confirms that mandatory 50% participation of women and representation of caste and ethnic minorities in user-committee and executive positions that are proportionate to their populations will ensure their equal access to project benefits. Women's social empowerment can be achieved through social mobilization and capacity building in the process

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Along with consultations related to subproject design and scope, consultation with project towns on cost recovery, tariffs, and user charges is crucial for sustainability.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of community attitudes to infrastructure, such as WWTP, should be better assessed at appraisal. For example, a participatory process to identify a feasible WWTP site would have prevented significant delays in the finalization of design and construction.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Simple technology and small systems are more sustainable, as operation and maintenance (O&M) responsibility for rural water supply is assigned to the community and VMWs are able to maintain these systems with limited technical skills.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Entities intended to manage operation and maintenance (O&M) for infrastructure should be established early in the project cycle, and staff trained throughout the implementation period, rather than at the very end. For operational sustainability, a long-term O&M contract could be incorporated into the construction contract for institutions having weak capacity and staff strength.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Community mobilization should be conducted prior to water user and sanitation committee (WUSC) formation so beneficiaries will be fully aware and their participation effective. While nongovernment organizations (NGOs) were effective in community mobilization and raising awareness, their technical capacity was comparatively weak. Therefore, project formulation should include capacity assessment of all stakeholders.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Retroactive financing and advance procurement action are needed to avoid start-up delays.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project could support the institutional reforms efficiently if there is a clear political will and stable government.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project implementation, monitoring, and supervision were logistically difficult and costly due to scattered subproject sites (both districts and village). Clustering the project area based on geographic contiguity and similarity should be considered when selecting project sites in order to improve the efficiency of implementation, monitoring, and supervision.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A procurement plan needs to be prepared and agreed with the government during project design in order to define procurement requirements, create a sound financial justification for procuring these, and schedule those tasks by allocating time frames and resources.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Construction of sewerage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was substantially delayed due to delays in land acquisition, preparation of a detailed design, and a change of site location. In order to avoid any unnecessary delay in the implementation of the project, sufficient attention should be paid to land acquisition in project preparation, and the land should be made available for the project prior to mobilization of the design consultant.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For effective gender mainstreaming and achievements, gender action plans should be prepared and agreed on by all agencies involved in project implementation. Sufficient financial and technical resources should be allocated for implementation of the gender action plan.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Covenants should be realistic and achievable to ensure sufficient control and quality of project implementation.

Project Number: 32249-013
Project Name: Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project should focus on a small number of physically integrated components to simplify project administration and optimize intersector linkages.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date: