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Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The Ministry of Transport and Communications and Armenian Roads Directorate should give importance in operationalizing the PPMS, which seems to have been overlooked. The measurement of impacts and outcomes was not given due importance and the quality of the PCR report suffered. For example, the conduct of the traffic surveys was insufficient and the results were conflicting. No explanation was given as to why the post-construction traffic deviated from the forecast.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The skills in project management of the executing and implementing agencies’ staff, including the management of consultants, needs to be upgraded. Considering that this was the first ADB loan for the transport sector in Armenia, the agencies were not familiar with ADB policies, systems, and requirements and would need to have sufficient capacity development in these particular skills.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
An ADB review identified shortcomings on some road construction works and poor quality in engineer's cost estimates. These were caused mainly by inadequate designs or poor contractual works and materials. ADB needs to ensure strict compliance with contractors' contractual specifications. Contractors should be held accountable for poor contract performance or substandard materials before the defect liability period following the contract agreements.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sufficient contingency is needed to cover cost increases. For future projects, design-build contracting can ensure better engineering and mitigate the risk of price escalation.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
At appraisal, ADB overestimated Armenian Roads Directorate (ARD's) capability to procure consultant services for subproject preparation and construction supervision. For future projects, a more detailed capacity assessment of the executing and implementing agencies is needed during project processing.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
During the surveys and preparation of road works design, more attention should be paid to the current and expected needs of pedestrians in road sections passing through villages.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The roles and responsibilities of road network development and management are unclear. Stronger government commitment is needed to develop the road sector.

Project Number: 40610-013
Project Name: Rural Road Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Program Monitoring to be Improved. The program monitoring system should be improved for similar programs in the future. The government s monitoring system did not capture and produce the required data on indicators performance. In particular, the executing agency collected the information from other government agencies (Ministry of Labor and Social Issues, Ministry of Finance,, government reports on anti-crisis measures progress, and other official statistics) to produce its own project completion report.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Success of a financial crisis response operation is highly contingent on the government s ability to quickly put together its own anti-crisis plan, which could be financed by ADB after exercising due diligence. In the case of Armenia, the government had an anti-crisis action plan and a crisis budget.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
During crisis episodes, while policy reforms are important, the government has urgent needs to quickly stabilize the economy, such as, providing urgent fiscal support to counteract the financial crisis. As such, crisis response operations should focus more on immediate responses to the financial crisis, such as maintaining critical social and safety net expenditures. However, as crises open opportunities for reforms, policy dialogue can be initiated for follow-up operations. But this should not delay the financial crisis recovery support.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB s Countercyclical Support Facility has been instrumental in supporting countries receiving loans financed out of ordinary capital resources. However, at present, ADB has no modality for a financial crisis response operation for Asian Development Fund eligible countries. The special program loan in the Program Lending Policy is limited to ordinary capital resources countries and can only used to address balance of payment crises. 21 Likewise, emergency assistance under the Disaster and Emergency Assistance Policy (DEAP) does not include financial crisis response.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Technical Assistance Support is Important for Crisis Programs. There was no technical assistance with the program. The absence made it difficult to monitor the outcome of the loan.

Project Number: 43087-013, 43087-023
Project Name: Crisis Recovery Support Program
Report Date: