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Lesson
The relevant stakeholders (i.e., various ministries, agencies, employers, training providers, youth, parents, schools, and communities) are often unaware of technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and its various features and components, and continued efforts to bring them onboard must be made through interagency cooperation and coordination, workplace visits, and promotional campaigns in schools and communities.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It is important to establish and maintain a network for cooperation in competency standards development within the region where similar issues and problems regarding the promotion of technical and vocational education and training and development of competency standards prevail. Benefits from this approach include facilitated adoption and adaptation of established standards, which may be applicable to Maldivian requirements, as well as the mutual sharing of ideas, processes, competency standards, and materials on skills training.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Stakeholder support is essential for increasing awareness and acceptance of technical and vocational education and training (TVET). To ensure the sustainability of the project's achievements, the government must provide continuing financial and human resources support to increase awareness and acceptance of TVET, particularly in the form of career guidance and social marketing.

Project Number: 33217-013
Project Name: Employment Skills Training Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Forming separate, miniature utility cooperatives on individual islands with an average population of only 1,511 people, each with a separate loan agreement and inspector, proved very difficult to implement. This suggests that one island is too small a unit to justify this approach. The availability of technical expertise on each island varies significantly, and the requisite financial-management and tariff-setting expertise is scarce.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB must supervise an IA more effectively if it has not established a prior record of successfully managing ADB-funded projects. ADB review missions throughout the project noted early warning signs that the project faced difficulties. More proactive and decisive action by ADB might have effected more efficient implementation. For example, when it became apparent that legislation would be delayed, ADB could have engaged the government to discuss an acceptable alternative, rather than simply leave it to a review mission to urge the government to take unspecified corrective action.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project management. Adapting to a formal project management framework approach and a central repository for tasks, processes, guidelines, and templates can help a great deal with the efficient implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of a project. This can have positive impacts on the overall efficiency of the organization, as well as reporting.

Project Number: 34276-013
Project Name: Information Technology Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Island selection and subproject appraisal were inefficient, delaying the commencement of contract processing by over 2 years and suggesting a recommendation for altering the approach that is shown in the next section.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A notable feature of this project was the difference in the performance of the batch 1 and batch 2 contractors, though both contracts were undertaken by the same consortium. The main difference was in project management requirements.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Sustainability. Projects with adequate counterpart funds (capital and operational) can encourage government ownership and improve sustainability. The project plan should incorporate a strong operational and sustainable model. Some of the factors leading to unsatisfactory sustainability in ICT projects include an inadequate financial and business plan, and a lack of trained personnel, ownership, and support from public leaders.

Project Number: 34276-013
Project Name: Information Technology Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
For future projects located on numerous outer islands, formalized feedback channels from local island development committees (IDCs) to the IA should be established as part of project design.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Local information and communication technology environment. Project design should adequately consider the local situation, including sector development status, regulatory framework, and local capacity for implementing the project and absorbing the new technology. The implementation should be conducted jointly by external consultants and local experts to avoid transitional issues.

Project Number: 34276-013
Project Name: Information Technology Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Passing the Cooperative Societies Act, the necessary enabling legislation before subproject loan agreements were possible, was known at project approval to be the responsibility of Parliament and therefore something the government could guarantee. Yet project formulation as set out in the report and recommendation of the President (RRP) implicitly assumed that this legislation would be passed in a timely manner and offered no robust contingency plan should the legal entities to operate subprojects fail to materialize.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Project design. The project was the first of its kind for ADB in the information and communications technology (ICT) sector and in the Maldives. ICT projects are very different from transport projects, in design, implementation, and operation. ICT projects need to have a physical infrastructure for connectivity, software applications for the connectivity to be functional, and a regulatory regime to support the connectivity and applications.

Project Number: 34276-013
Project Name: Information Technology Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In formulating similar loan projects, ADB should ensure to the extent possible that achieving outputs is within the grasp of the implementing agency (IA). Depending on the Ministry of Planning and National Development (MPND), an agency without a stake in the subprojects, to spearhead the benefit and poverty monitoring and evaluation (BPME) proved problematic, as its withdrawal from that commitment left the IA unable to complete that part of the project.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There are underlying systemic challenges associated with project implementation on the outer islands of the Maldives that must be considered in project design, as these conditions are different from those of other South Asian developing member countries. First, direct project oversight is more difficult because of transport issues unique to the archipelago. (Many outer islands are remote, with transport by lengthy, infrequent, and irregularly scheduled boat trips.

Project Number: 32036-013
Project Name: Outer Islands Electrification (Sector) Project
Report Date: