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Lesson
Data interoperability facilitates beneficiary targetting in times of crisis. Difficulty in consolidating data between federal, provincial, and local-level governments and between sectors affected program implementation and progress monitoring. While Nepal’s social security programs each identify and register beneficiaries, there is no central register for poor and vulnerable populations. Hence, the ward officials identified food support beneficiaries, which led to implementation challenges.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Purposeful selection of outcome Indicators that are easily and regularly monitored is critical in crisis response projects. There is a high level of uncertainty surrounding the duration and impact of a crisis. Thus, choosing outcome Indicators that provide timely and crucial information on the progress of the crisis and the impact of policy measures can help manage a crisis, as it allows to quickly introduce new measures when the situation worsens.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Do not propose establishment of a new business continuity fund during crisis. The business continuity fund was established during the crisis. Actual usage was far less compared with existing instruments for concessional lending and refinancing, as operationalization took time. Unless such a fund can be established on time, proposing a new fund during a crisis should be avoided when good instruments are available.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Quick and flexible budget support is essential during times of crisis. The timely availability of the ADB CPRO support greatly contributed to mitigating the impact of the pandemic, particularly for low-income countries and countries in vulnerable situations. Availability of such an instrument is highly relevant for a country in times of crisis.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Harness the role of community-based organizations for inclusiveness. Community-based organizations (CBOs) played an active role in implementing the PMEP, such as facilitating information dissemination in the community, collecting applications from interested unemployed individuals, and connecting them to ward offices. Similarly, CBOs helped the government in identifying poor and vulnerable people as recipients of its food distribution efforts and contributed to addressing food needs during the crisis.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Avoid assuming policy changes when setting targets in a crisis. The program design assumed that coordination of all government-subsidized employment would be transferred to the employment service centers established in each local government under the Prime Minister Employment Program (PMEP). Because of the impact of the crisis, this transfer did not happen and the PMEP was unable to achieve the target. A target set during a crisis should not assume a policy change.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Comprehensive and disaggregated enterprise-level data are needed to effectively support micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in times of crisis. The absence of a real-time disaggregated financial data collection system at the beneficiary level made it difficult to timely track the status of business recovery of affected MSMEs. The dataset collected and used in reports on MSME lending did not include comprehensive disaggregated enterprise-level data from the start, making it impossible to assess the inclusiveness of the concessional lending.

Project Number: 54184-001
Project Name: COVID-19 Active Response and Expenditure Support Program
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 35174-013, 35174-022, 35174-023, 35174-032
Project Name: Education Sector Program (Subprograms I–III)
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lesson.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A complex financing plan causes difficulties in consolidation of expenditures and slow submission of withdrawal applications.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Along with consultations related to subproject design and scope, consultation with project towns on cost recovery, tariffs, and user charges is crucial for sustainability.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Assessment of community attitudes to infrastructure, such as WWTP, should be better assessed at appraisal. For example, a participatory process to identify a feasible WWTP site would have prevented significant delays in the finalization of design and construction.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Entities intended to manage operation and maintenance (O&M) for infrastructure should be established early in the project cycle, and staff trained throughout the implementation period, rather than at the very end. For operational sustainability, a long-term O&M contract could be incorporated into the construction contract for institutions having weak capacity and staff strength.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The project could support the institutional reforms efficiently if there is a clear political will and stable government.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Construction of sewerage and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) was substantially delayed due to delays in land acquisition, preparation of a detailed design, and a change of site location. In order to avoid any unnecessary delay in the implementation of the project, sufficient attention should be paid to land acquisition in project preparation, and the land should be made available for the project prior to mobilization of the design consultant.

Project Number: 32239-013
Project Name: Urban and Environmental Improvement Project
Report Date: