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Lesson
During program appraisal, enough time should be given to assess the policies involved, to engage with the political leadership in creating ownership, and to reach a consensus on the suitable reforms, including an action plan. The government’s capacity to implement the program successfully should have been thoroughly assessed, at least at the time of Subprogram 2.

Project Number: 41641-013, 41641-023
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the weak capacity of the executing agency, a large, well-conceived, and properly structured TA (technical assistance) project should have been piggybacked on the program to address the obstacles presented by inherent system inefficiencies and limited capacit

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
A well-thought-out conceptual design is a key to the success of any program. In the case of the PMDGP (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program), the design set a commendable goal in the intended outcome, but it seems to have overestimated the capacity of the GOP (Government of Punjab) to help achieve it. It also relied too heavily on the establishment of the MSDSs (minimum service delivery standards) as a strategy for attaining MDGs (Millennium Development Goal) 4 and 5.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
One of the PMDGP's (Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program) principal lessons is that interventions in countries with difficult socioeconomic conditions and generally weak implementation capacity require more comprehensive due diligence during design. When large complex programs are prepared in this context, ADB needs to carry out detailed, rigorous, and objective analysis of the potential implementation risks, especially those related to the executing agency. Once that is done, all necessary mitigation measures must be built into the design.

Project Number: 41641-013
Project Name: Punjab Millennium Development Goals Program - Subprograms 1 and 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The adequacy and appropriateness of project design have to be tailored to the project’s ultimate objectives and complexities. The PCR provided weak justification of the relevance of the extension and the insufficiency of indicators.

Project Number: 39662-012, 39662-022
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The rapid launch and accelerated implementation of the project made necessary by the threat that avian influenza would become a pandemic made it difficult to define verifiable indicators for a number of the outputs under the regional capacity building and regional coordination components. A mid-term review of the project would have facilitated a review and updating of the design and monitoring framework.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
The project supported the One Health concept, which emphasizes the links between animal health and human health and emerging animal and human diseases. One Health provided a platform for unprecedented integration of animal, human and ecosystem health issues to fight the threat of avian influenza. The systematic collaboration of technical agencies across disciplines, such as FAO (veterinarians) and WHO (medical doctors) and civil society organizations (community health workers) supported by the project has promoted this concept since the beginning of the project.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB's high-level steering committee demonstrated ADB's institutional support, which enhanced coordination between development partners. The committee, comprising the heads of all regional departments and the Strategy and Policy Department and chaired by the director general of RSDD, provided prompt policy guidance and expedited decisions and actions. It also ensured that the needs of the countries were ascertained and that they had adequate access to project resources.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
ADB was able to use its convening power effectively because it had the necessary in-house technical expertise. Public health experts on ADB's staff with knowledge of emerging infectious diseases were involved in designing and implementing the project. This in-house expertise made the dialogue with the technical and regional agencies to strengthen regional collaboration within and across the animal health and human health sectors possible.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Each new outbreak of disease confronts projects such as this one, as well as the implementing partners and global community, with a fresh challenge, because its early spread outpaces the gathering of scientific evidence needed to formulate containment policies. Each successive outbreak is followed by an initial opaque period characterized by a frustrating lack of scientific evidence on which to base policies and technical guidance.

Project Number: 39662-012
Project Name: Prevention and Control of Avian Influenza in Asia and the Pacific
Report Date:
Lesson
Given provincial and district capacity limitations, a Program focusing on a single sector would have had a better chance of success. Sustained support in one sector can be less demanding for both the government and ADB. Multi-sector policy reform interventions involving governance reform are difficult to manage, and a new system of local political governance imposed by the federal government added further complications.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
Capacity in the executing and implementing agencies was expected to be built through the accompanying TA loan. Program outputs like developing sector strategies, implementing expenditure tracking and service delivery surveys, training communities to manage and monitor social service delivery, and other outputs critical to achieving Program outcome depended on effective technical assistance (TA) loan administration. However, executing agency capacity to administer the TA loan was inadequate.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The sequence of reforms in the policy matrix was such that all substantial results could be achieved only after the completion of second tranche actions. In addition, liberal assessment of compliance allowed the release of the first tranche without achieving much toward sustainable outputs. More result-oriented sequencing of policy actions for the first tranche could have achieved some sustainable improvements in social service delivery.

Project Number: 37218-013
Project Name: Balochistan Devolved Social Services Program
Report Date:
Lesson
The need to take immediate action to scale down project costs, and/or cancel part of the corresponding loan, when it becomes apparent that the government is unable or unwilling to put up the necessary counterpart funds. While it is important to correctly and objectively assess implementation constraints and implementation capacity, countries with serious development needs and weak institutional capacity should be assisted with building up this capacity as part of project design.

Project Number: 30210-013
Project Name: Reproductive Health Project [Loan 1900(SF)-PAK]
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for more frequent review missions, probably with an appropriate consultant/advisor on board, in the early years of implementation and for as long as project implementation is deemed off track; and

Project Number: 30210-013
Project Name: Reproductive Health Project [Loan 1900(SF)-PAK]
Report Date: