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Lesson
Land acquisition issues in PNG are more difficult to resolve than in other countries, as 97% of land is customarily owned. In this project, In this project, In this project, they were harder to contend with than expected at design stage due to changes in weather patterns that affected travel plans, with many of the sites located at sea. In a project as widely dispersed geographically as this one, more time will also have to be allowed for site access and community engagement activities.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Strong linkages between indicators across the different levels of the project result chain need to underpin project design and monitoring frameworks, The linkage between the project impact performance indicators of increased marine passengers and increased domestic and international freight volume was not a strong measure of success in this project; it should have been revised during project implementation.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delayed and insufficient government counterpart funding disrupt and delay project implementation. Timely provision of counterpart funding to support relevant project activities, as required under the loan agreement, was not experienced in this project, necessitating changes in financing arrangements. Although ADB accommodated the changes, the lack of timely counterpart funding disrupted implementation and contributed to delays, cancellations, and loss of project benefits. Counterpart funding issues have a high potential to negatively impacts other similar projects in PNG.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Executing and implementing agencies need to find ways to sustain data collection and analysis throughout the project implementation phase to ensure high-quality M&E systems. Monitoring and evaluation was not completed before project closing because, at the critical late stage of implementation, the pandemic brought consultant services to a stop before they can be completed. Some baseline data were collected in 2015, but the function was not completed because of early implementation delays.

Project Number: 44375-013
Project Name: Maritime and Waterways Safety Project
Report Date:
Lesson
In-depth analysis of the sector’s constraints and challenges both internally and externally, including the institutional arrangements and policies, can provide more realistic implementation of reforms focused on road maintenance.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
In terms of project design, in-depth analysis of various loan modality options and risks assessment, taking in consideration the ountry’s huge capacity and institutional gaps, can help design an appropriate loan modality. For example, a sector lending, which can also run for a decade and sustain capacity support to the sector, requires a sector analysis that covers a thorough analysis of the factors that affect the performance of the sector, including policy, institutional or regulatory frameworks, as well as the sustainability of the investment.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Given the flexibility of the multitranche financing facility, if necessary, regular updating and revisions of project design and monitoring frameworks, including baseline data, are expected; thus, proper documentation of these changes can help improve assessment at completion. In addition, assessment of project impacts critically depends on the collection and analysis of project and other data. The establishment of a project performance management system is crucial in this regard.

Project Number: 40173-044
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - MFF and Project 3
Report Date:
Lesson
Well-formulated baseline data and indicators at appraisal permit more effective monitoring of project performance and achievements. Such benchmark data will help in facilitating the results assessment and improve the PCR’s clarity with respect to the project’s achieved outputs.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Greater consideration of the capacity of the executing agency with respect to their investment planning, coordination, and implementation functions, as well as post-investment operation and maintenance activities, is crucial for a sector lending. Under the project, these factors were not adequately assessed in the sector analysis. This absence of sector analysis likely contributed to the low quality of project implementation and pertinent government agencies’ performance.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Better estimation of generated traffic—based on “with-the-project” and “without-the-project” traffic forecasts—helps avoid the overestimation of vehicle operating cost savings. This is also a better approach in cost– benefit analysis and minimizes the overestimation of a project’s economic viability indicator (i.e., EIRR)

Project Number: 40173-043
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
The collection of data on project socioeconomic benefits allows better assessment of a project’s development results. Projects that establish project performance management systems are likely to assess the economic viability and development impacts of road projects more accurately.

Project Number: 40173-043
Project Name: Highlands Region Road Improvement Investment Program - Project 2
Report Date:
Lesson
Close and consistent supervision by ADB is crucial in ensuring quality road works and effective project implementation. The quality of construction supervision (including bridge design) and close, regular supervision by ADB since 2017 were critical in ensuring the quality of bridge construction and installation under this project. Despite delays and issues in financial management and procurement, the project achieved high-quality bridge construction, which contributed to project effectiveness.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Considering the construction costs and number of subprojects as tentative when there are significant technical unknowns that cannot be determined during the design stage will help mitigate the risks and facilitate the implementation of sector loan projects. Under this project’s preparatory technical assistance (TA), cost estimates were prepared under conditions of significant technical information gaps for all potential bridge sites.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Developing and implementing an asset maintenance plan, which remains important to break the wasteful build–neglect–rebuild cycle in the road transport sector of Papua New Guinea (PNG), is a pending business needing consistent follow up from development partners like ADB. Limited annual recurrent funding for operation and maintenance (O&M) was an underlying cause for developing this bridge replacement project along with capacity development for an asset management system.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date:
Lesson
With climate change exerting new and increasing demands on road and bridge networks, future economic analyses for transport projects should take a broader perspective in calculating economic benefits. The economic analysis for this project compared with-project and without-project scenarios to derive its economic benefits. The definition of the with-project scenario assumed time and vehicle operating cost savings from less traffic congestion and improved traffic flow. The benefits from less congestion accounted for 93% of the total net benefits.

Project Number: 43200-024
Project Name: Bridge Replacement for Improved Rural Access Sector Project
Report Date: