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Lesson
Socioeconomic, institutional, and policy environment are important for project design. The failure of the project to achieve its intended impact, and limited achievement of expected outcomes shows that ADB needs to fully assess and understand all socioeconomic, institutional, and policy factors when it prepares and appraises projects. If these factors had been properly assessed in the case of the PDP, ADB could have lowered the outcome expectations. It could have adapted the design to match the capacity of the implementing agencies and stakeholders.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The need for adequate staff input and maintenance of project records. The project’s midterm review was undertaken 2 years late and almost at the end of the project period at appraisal. This absence of timely oversight and ADB’s poor curating of the project data and documents contributed to the project’s limited success. ADB’s business processes could be improved to retain key project financial and economic analyses records systematically in electronic format.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Need to understand the limitation of project modalities. The complexity of the PDP’s design was a weakness. As a general principle, projects should aim for simple, straightforward outputs and outcomes and involve uncomplicated implementation arrangements and a small number of implementing agencies if they hope to be successful. Projects must be designed in a way that makes it feasible for national staff (generally government officers) who often have limited resources and capabilities to manage and implement them.

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No additional lessons

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
No new lessons

Project Number: 34023-013
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
The use of a credit line was an effective implementation modality. Significant advantages from longer loan periods, grace periods, and fixed interest rates during a period of high and rising interest rates and markedly lower capital availability supplied a definite demand. The use of fixed interest rates during the current period of declining interest rates has, however, increased the requests for early repayment.

Project Number: 34023-012
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
There were insufficient financial and governance benefits to merit insistence on an international fund manager when the size of the fund was extremely limited and the duration of funds available for investment short. In addition, project outcome and impact indicators were poorly defined in terms of sustainability and what this represented. There was inadequate consideration of sector financial risks, including wage inflation, and political risks relating to price escalation in the sector.

Project Number: 34023-012
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Delays were avoidable if the project preparatory technical assistance (PPTA) financing percentages had been retained. During the loan appraisal and negotiation phase, the recommended financing percentages of the PPTA of 70% ADB-30% regional plantation company (RPC) for social amenities and 90% ADB-10% RPC for the social development programs were adjusted to 50% ADB-50% RPC, resulting in RPCs not participating. Given the weak balance sheets and the lack of profitability, the desire for greater ownership through increased financial contribution was inconsistent.

Project Number: 34023-012
Project Name: Plantation Development Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Reference to international nongovernment organizations (NGOs) and public-private partnerships in the report and recommendation of the president (RRP) provoked local wildlife activists and politicians, resulting in project delays. This could have been avoided by wider pre-project public relations efforts.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Regular review and updating of the project framework would have aided monitoring and evaluation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Training for all PPA ranks and public awareness-raising were positive factors in improving conservation.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Introducing large numbers of technical assistance (TA) consultants into the DWC that was understaffed resulted in inefficient use of consultancy expertise.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
A formal monitoring system should have been established by the DWC at the start of the project.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
Heading the project management unit (PMU) with someone from outside the DWC was detrimental to engaging the department staff.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date:
Lesson
It was unreasonable to expect government officers to engage in commercial links and marketing initiatives with private enterprise in such a short time.

Project Number: 31381-013
Project Name: Protected Area Management and Wildlife Conservation Project
Report Date: